鸡肉蛋白水解液的研究

用酶水解鸡肉 ,通过单因素实验确定胰蛋白酶 1、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰酶 2、胃蛋白酶水解鸡肉的最适条件 ,并确定在它们的最适条件下 ,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶是单酶水解较好的酶。在双酶水解中 ,发现胰蛋白酶 1与酸性蛋白酶在各自最适条件下组合水解鸡肉水解率最高 ,进一步确定双酶水解的条件为胰蛋白酶先在 5 0℃ ,p H8.5 ,加酶量 40 0 0 U/ g蛋白质 ,固液比 1∶ 4,水解 3h,后酸性蛋白酶在 45℃ ,p H2 .5 ,加酶量 40 0 0 U/ g蛋白质水解 2 h。在这种组合下酶解 ,水解产物的水解度为 40 .5 % ,蛋白回收率为 81.0 %     

间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体发育中的作用

初步报道已揭示，单克隆抗体ＮＤ６可影响鸡胚水晶体的发育，使之明显增大．ＮＤ６是一种被认为专一于膜蛋白ＭＰ２６细胞外侧段的单抗．ＭＰ２６已被认为是水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的成份．因此，ＮＤ６很可能可阻断水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的形成．本人试图用定量显微镜技术证实ＮＤ６对水晶体发育的影响与间隙连接数量减少之间的相关性。注射ＮＤ６于２０期鸡胚的右眼；同胚未注射的左眼作为对照．培养２４ｈ后周定，然后作下列三种处理：（１）测量整体水晶体的大小；（２）制备水晶体超薄切片，并统计间隙连接数量；（３）制备鸡胚头部的连续石蜡切片，并统计水晶体纤维细胞的数量．实验结果指出，在ＮＤ６处理２４ｈ，水晶体大小及纤维细胞数量均比对照组明显增大（表１，Ｐ＜０．０１或０．００１）；而间隙连接数量则比对照组明显减少（表２），Ｐ＜０．００１）．这表明，水晶体的增大及纤维细胞的增多是由间隙连接的减少所引起．这些结果证实，间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体的发育中起重要作用．     

鸡ND—IBD二联高免卵黄抗体的研制与应用

应用秦皇岛市流行的IBDV,配合ND弱毒疫苗免疫蛋鸡制备出ND—IBD高免卵黄抗体,经各项检验、初步应用符合治疗和预防ND、IBD的要求,具有特异、快速、成本低、易制备的特点。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对雏鸡肾脏病理损伤的探讨

14日龄海兰褐雏鸡80只,分为对照组和感染组。感染组每只鸡口服接种8.0×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,分别于接种后第0,3,6,9,12天,每组随机取鸡5只,心脏采血,测定血清尿酸和肌酐含量,同时取感染后第6天鸡的肾脏,观察其病理组织学变化。结果表明:感染组鸡的血清尿酸含量于感染后第3,6,9天显著升高了267.41%(p<0.01),81.41%(p<0.01)和52.09%(p<0.05),肌酐含量在感染后第3,6天也显著增加了63.61%(p<0.05)和81.80%(p<0.05);肾脏的实质细胞呈轻度的颗粒变性或水泡变性。提示:球虫感染导致雏鸡肾脏病理损伤。     

Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

异Vc钠制药废渣、浓残液实验分析与综合利用探讨

随着制药工业的发展,制药废物的产量迅速增加,组分也越来越复杂,而当前对制药废物的组分分析以及综合利用的研究相对较少,这样既给环境带来污染,也是资源的浪费.本文对某生物化工厂生产异Vc钠的未发酵残渣和高浓度制药废水的浓缩液进行了分析测定.根据有机-无机复混肥国家标准,提出了利用微生物菌剂,与鸡粪混合发酵生产有机-无机复混肥的方案,为制药废物的综合利用提供了新的途径.     

鸡油氧化制备热反应鸡肉味香精的工业条件研究

以豆粕和鸡肉为原料,利用Mailard反应技术和脂肪控制氧化技术制备鸡肉味香精,系统研究了鸡肉蛋白及大豆蛋白水解反应、鸡油控制氧化反应以及Mailard反应的实验室最佳反应条件,并在工业生产中验证.实验所得鸡油氧化较佳反应条件为:温度130℃,时间2 h,空气流速为每100 g油0.15 m3/h;美拉德反应条件为:温度90℃,pH 8.0,时间120 min.     

肉鸡烤翅热杀菌过程的热穿透特性及品质动力学

研究了不同含水率(w=30%~40%)肉鸡烤翅在热杀菌过程中(杀菌值F=0~5 min)的热穿透特性、品质变化规律及其动力学.结果表明:随着含水率的降低,罐头冷点加热速率系数fh、冷却速率系数fc、加热滞后因子jh、冷却滞后因子jc均降低;相同升温时间及保温时间下,含水率低的烤翅样品积累的F值更大;F值对烤翅的水分活度aw无显著影响(P0.05);烤翅的硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值变化遵循零级动力学方程,其变化速率k随含水率降低而增大;低强度的热杀菌有利于改善肉鸡烤翅的剪切力、硬度及咀嚼性,其下降曲线均遵循一级动力学方程,且受热杀菌破坏的速率均随着含水率的降低而减小.     

基于改进鸡群算法的PID参数整定

PID参数整定一直是控制工程研究的热点,利用传统的方法整定参数得到的系统性能往往较差,为解决PID参数整定问题,提高系统性能,提出一种基于改进鸡群算法(CSO)的PID参数整定方法。改进鸡群算法的目的是提高鸡群算法的收敛速度与精度,增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,4个标准测试函数的测试结果验证了改进的有效性。利用改进鸡群算法对4类典型工业过程的PID参数进行整定,以时间乘绝对误差积分函数(ITAE)为优化目标,Matlab仿真结果表明：通过改进鸡群算法整定PID参数得到的系统性能比传统的Z-N参数整定法以及Matlab遗传算法(GA)工具箱参数整定得到的系统性能有很大的提高。