吉林西部盐碱区农田土壤盐碱程度与碳的稳定同位素比值的关系

为了探讨农田土壤盐碱程度对土壤碳固定和碳排放的影响,选取吉林西部不同开发年限的盐碱旱田、水田为研究对象,进行野外采样和实验测量。测定土壤盐碱程度的基本理化指标:土壤pH、电导率和碱化度;同时测定土壤有机碳和无机碳的稳定碳同位素比值。研究结果表明,旱田土壤整体盐碱程度较高、固碳水平较低,土壤-大气碳循环较慢。随开发年限的增加,盐碱程度没有显著降低;而水田土壤盐碱程度相对较低,固碳水平较高,促进了土壤-大气碳循环。随开发年限的增加,土壤盐碱程度得以改善,土壤固碳水平提高。总体而言,玉米的种植无法较为有效地改善土壤盐碱程度和土壤碳的固定,而水稻的种植则可以改善土壤条件,有利于土壤对碳的固定从而降低碳排放。在全球温室效应大环境下,研究区应大力关注水稻种植产业的发展,改造盐碱土壤,为减缓区域变暖做出一定贡献。     

江西三百山盆地粗面岩锆石年代学与地球化学制约

三百山盆地的粗面岩主要出现在盆地东部仰天湖破火山口构造中,粗面岩锆石SHRIMP测年的年龄为141.56±0.96 Ma,应归属于早白垩世.盆地粗面岩具有钾含量高,全碱含量高,稀土元素配分曲线图表现为右倾的轻稀土富集型,Eu负异常不明显或表现为正异常的特征,表明三百山盆地的粗面岩属橄榄玄粗岩系列,具有高压型粗面岩的特征,标志着一个加厚的陆壳存在;岩浆物质来源于由上地壳物质俯冲到深部与地幔的混合而形成的再循环富集地幔,岩石形成的构造环境为“同碰撞”环境,代表挤压至拉张过渡构造环境.     

天津地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征及影响因素研究

依据国际原子能机构(IAEA)提供的天津地区1988~2001月降雨和同位素资料,分析了该地区大气降水的稳定同位素的组成和变化以及主要影响因素.天津大气降水线与我国东部季风区的局地大气降水线方程较为接近.大气降水同位素组成变化中的温度和降水效应较小,主要受季风以及季节水汽来源不同的影响,有显著的季节效应.     

Climatic significance of n-alkanes and their compound-specific dD values from lake surface sediments on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The content and hydrogen isotope ratios of n-alkanes extracted from recent lake surface sediments sampled from nine lakes in three different climate zones on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Values were compared with n-alkanes in plants from lake drainages,and dD values of meteoric water,lake water,and mean annual precipitation.The results showed that n-C23was predominantly derived from aquatic plants,and n-C27–n-C33from terrestrial higher plants.The average carbon chain length of n-C27–n-C33(ACL27–33)was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation.dD values of the long-chain n-alkanes n-C29and n-C31of terrestrial origin(varying between-214%and-169%,and-226%and-185%,respectively)were inversely correlated with mean annual precipitation;but in accordance with the average annual variations in dD(OIPC),dD values of n-C31were strongly related to the dD values of growing season meteoric water(R2=0.74).The large difference between dD values of n-C23of aquatic origin and n-C31(an average of about 27%)demonstrates the enrichment of the lake water dD compared to precipitation,caused by strong evaporation in the semiarid–arid areas of the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.Average value of en C25 31=p(-95%)is evidently higher than the value observed in European wet regions(-128%);besides,en C31(about-116%)is constant along the study transect(SD=9),which indicates that n-C31is a useful proxy for the environment.     

LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from the Zhaochigou Formation-complex in the Helan Mountain and its tectonic significance

This paper carries out studies about LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic compositional analysis for detrital zircons in two metasedimentary samples that were taken from the Zhaochigou Formation-complex in the Helan Mountain.The results show that the Zhaochigou Formation-complex formed*1.96 Ga,and it is a part of the Khondalite Series that is widespread in the North China Craton(NCC).The age spectrum of the detrital zircons indicates that the Zhaochigou Formation-complex shared the same provenance with the eastern edge of the Khondalite Series.Products of ancient magmatic activities within the Khondalite Belt may be the major source for the sedimentary materials that formed the Khondalite Series.Our age-dating results suggest that the Khondalite Series in the NCC may have experienced two stages of metamorphism,as the early stage occurred during 1.96–1.95 Ga,and the later stage occurred at about 1.87 Ga.The Hfisotopic data indicate that the Western Block of the NCC endured a stage of crustal growth at 2.5–2.3 Ga.     

Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent

Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.     

论冀中地区O、C—P凝析气藏的形成条件

据凝析油轻烃组成、甲烷及其同系物碳同位素组成、天然气与源岩吸附气指纹时比、双环倍半萜组合特征及地质结构的综合分析,查明O、C—P大多数提析气藏的油气主要来源于石炭—二叠系煤系腐植型有机质,混入了部分下第三系的油气。对石炭—二叠系成烃特点的分析表明,R。=0.6%～1.3%,以成气为主,生油为辅,原始油气比一般大于1OOCm3/t。成熟期的石炭—二叠系有机质的成烃特点和具备油气富集的良好地质条件是O、C—P凝析气藏形成的基本条件。     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床的同位素地球化学特征

东风山金矿体赋存在含铁层之下的东风山群角岩层中。赋矿层位中富含磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、锰铝榴石和锰铁闪石。通过对该矿床的硫、氧、碳和铅同位素研究,表明硫化物中的硫和地层铅主要来自深源,其次地层中的含硫有机物被生物分解形成的硫也产生一定影响。东风山群形成于早元古代。东风山金矿属高温热接触变质的同生床。     

Hydrogen isotope compositions of mantle-derived amphibole megacrysts from Qilin, Guangdong and its tectonic significance

Hydrogen isotope compositions of mantle-derived amphibole megacrysts from Qilin, Guangdong Province have been obtained by ion micro-probe. δD and H contents are constant both among different samples and within single sample, demonstrating that their formation condition is very stable. High δD values suggest the presence of a component recycled from crust which is possibly related to the subduction of Pacific Plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Mesozoic.