不同气候区住宅建筑冬季室内热环境及人体热适应性对比

根据我国的建筑热工分区,北京和上海分别位于寒冷地区和夏热冬冷地区,该文针对这两个城市的住宅建筑冬季室内热环境及人体热适应性进行了对比研究。研究发现,在相同的室内温度下,上海住户的热感觉投票较高,对室内温度的期望值较低,体现出其对于室内偏冷环境具有较强的适应能力。此外,还专门针对北京壁挂炉采暖住户进行了考察。与集中供暖相比,壁挂炉采暖形式为住户提供了室内温度的控制途径,促使人们合理地设定室内温度,并且更愿意通过行为调节来提高热舒适性,使人体的环境适应能力得到较为充分的体现。     

亚欧大陆经向热力差异对亚洲季风的影响Ⅰ:与东亚冬季风的关系

 通过对亚欧大陆不同季节热力变化的对比分析,发现亚欧大陆冬、春季有明显的经向热力差异,夏、秋季存在准纬向的热力差异.进一步分析还发现大陆冬季经向热力差异与东亚冬季风有很好的正相关关系,即热力差异指数越大(小),则东亚冬季风越强(弱);在经向热力异常发生的同时,洋面热力状况也显著不同,从而导致东亚地区不同区域间海陆热力对比发生变化,引起降水分布的不同.     

Magnetic granulometry of recent sediments from the Huguang Maar and its implication for provenience

To understand the origin and its climatic implications of the Huguang Maar sediments, we conducted laser grain size analysis and rock mangtic measurement for the recent deposits from the Huguang Maar and for the volcanic rocks of the caldera for comparison. The grain size distributions are dominated by clayey silts for both the bulk sediments and magnetic separates. Acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and thermal demagnetization of IRM suggest (titano) magnetite as the dominating magnetic mineral in the sediments; high coercivity minerals are not detected. Therefore, the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (k _ARM) to the weak field magnetic susceptibility (k), k _ARM/k can be used to estimate the grain size of magnetite. The sediments and volcanic rocks yield values of 13.7 and 11.8 for the k _ARM/_k, respectively, corresponding to grain size values of ～0.03 µm and ～0.05 µm. The magnetic granulometry of lake sediments is distinctive from one of the Chinese loess, in which published data suggest a value of 6.0 for k _ARM/_k, and grain size of ～0.1 µm, but is akin to the nearby volcanic rocks. Although a Loess Plateau source of the lake sediments cannot be fully ruled out, the catchment is most probably the main source. We explain the slightly finer magnetite grain size in sediments than in the volcanic rocks as being disintegrated of particles during erosion and transportation. We conclude that there is no evidence for aeolian input of the Loess Plateau dusts into the Huguang Maar, and the relationship between magnetic parameters of the lake sediments and winter monsoon intensity is probably more complicated than previously thought.     

行距配置对高产冬小麦群体质量及产量的影响

以4个高产冬小麦品种为材料,在河南浚县农业科学研究所超高产攻关田研究了不同行距配置对小麦群体质量及产量的影响.结果表明,豫麦49-198、周麦22和矮抗58群体总茎数、单株成穗数、叶面积系数、干物质积累量均以宽窄行种植模式较高,而偃展4110则以等行距种植模式较高,籽粒产量及其构成因素亦表现出相似的趋势.因此,实际生产中,应根据不同穗形小麦品种选择合适的行距配置以提高产量.     

滹沱河灌区浆砌石防渗渠道的冬季施工

介绍了滹沱河灌区的工程概况、气候特点及采用的防渗形式,分析了冬季施工存在的问题,阐述了冬季施工的组织措施和技术措施。     

有无果梗的冬枣不同部位呼吸强度变化研究

以不同成熟度的、有无果梗的冬枣为试材,将枣果分为3组,分别为用凡士林全涂(涂果梗和果面)、半涂(涂果皮)和不涂,采用红外CO2分析器测定冬枣不同部位呼吸强度的变化.结果表明,不涂的、有无果梗的冬枣随着成熟度的增加,呼吸强度呈缓慢增加的趋势;无果梗冬枣的呼吸强度显著高于(P<0.05)有果梗的;半涂后有无果梗的果实呼吸强度均显著降低,无果梗冬枣的呼吸强度极显著高于(P<0.01)有果梗的.通过数据分析,有果梗冬枣果梗部的呼吸量约占40%,果皮的呼吸量约占60%,推测果皮为有果梗冬枣的主要呼吸通道;无果梗冬枣果梗部的呼吸量约占75%,果皮的呼吸量约占25%,果梗部为无果梗冬枣的主要呼吸通道;认为冬枣在果梗掉落后,呼吸通道由果皮转移到果梗部.     

三维步态运动分析技术在经典式越野滑雪项目中的应用

回顾了近年来三维步态运动分析技术在经典式越野滑雪项目中的应用,通过对运动过程中不断变化的参数指标进行分析,表明制订出符合滑雪运动员的个性化训练方案,可以有效地提高比赛成绩.     

长江中下游地区冬季气温变化的时空特征及其与热带OLR的关系

本文根据10个测站1952～1987年和上海近115年1月平均气温资料,研究了长江中下游冬季气温变化的时空特征。分析了冷、暖冬的500 hPa环流特点,并着重分析了同热带OLR的关系。发现长江中下游冷(暖)冬伴随OLR负(正)距平,并同在印尼—菲律宾上升、赤道中太平洋下沉的Walker环流的强弱振动有密切关系。冷(暖)冬同强(弱)Walker环流相联系。     

Anomalous activity of East Asian winter monsoon and the tropical Pacific SSTA

The relationship between the anomalous East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) activity and the tropical Pacific SST anomalies has been identified using the results of 40-year integration of the IAP CGCM1 model and 10-year observational data. In the strong EAWM year, the western and central Pacific are dominated by positive SST anomalies while the eastern Pacific is negative ones. In the weak EAWM year, the SSTA pattern is quite different and shows El Nino-like SST anomalies. The strong EAWM activity tends to create extra easterly flow to the east and extra westerly flow to the west of the warm SSTA region over the equatorial western and central Pacific, thus leading to the enhancement of convergence and convection of the flow in this region and favorable to the maintenance and development of such an SSTA pattern. On the other hand, the warm SST anomaly over the western and central Pacific, as a forcing, may lead to a specific pattern of the northern extratropical atmosphere, which is favorable to the strong EAWM activity. The tropical Pacific SSTA pattern related closely to the strong EAWM activity differs significantly from that of the La Nina year.