YJL—90型岩体弱面直剪流变仪的研究

本文介绍了一种岩体弱面直剪仪的研制及其主要参数。     

渗流-三轴应力耦合试验机的研制

为了对工程设计提供必要的依据,需要进行岩体的渗流-三轴应力耦合研究。由于缺乏相应的试验设备,因此研制了渗流-三轴应力耦合试验机,该设备由密封、水压控制、三轴加载、流量计量、自动控制及数据采集系统5部分组成,能够在垂直于渗流向的两个方向上实现独立加载。研制过程中引入了一些新工艺,采用聚氨酯密封胶实现了试件在高水压下的密封,引入阻尼器削减水压振幅以获得平稳的高水压源,采用油封技术解决小流量测量中的蒸发问题。     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles continuous subsldence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried.Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built that evolved fast in early stage,evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes,which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

岩石裂纹扩展机理分析模型与应用

以单一裂纹岩石为研究对象,采用东北大学岩石破裂与失稳研究中心的岩石破裂过程分析系统(RFPA),分析裂纹破坏机理.依据铜川矿区东坡井田的实际地质资料,建立Z2M1、Z2M2两种不同均质度的构造界面模型.数值实验结果表明,岩石的破坏是由原生裂纹引起的,构造界面的不同是引起采煤沉陷及覆岩破坏规律差异性的重要因素.对岩体变形机理的研究为控制地表破坏提供理论依据.     

A 780-year record of explosive volcanism from DT263 ice core in east Antarctica

Ice cores recovered from polar ice sheet received and preserved sulfuric acid fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions. DT263 ice core was retrieved from an east Antarctic location. The ice core is dated using a combination of annual layer counting and volcanic time stratigraphic horizon as 780 years (1215-1996 A.D.). The ice core record demonstrates that during the period of approximately 1460-1800 A.D., the accumulation is sharply lower than the levels prior to and after this period. This period coincides with the most recent neoglacial climatic episode, the "Little Ice Age (LIA)", that has been found in numerous Northern Hemisphere proxy and historic records. The non-sea-salt SO42- concentrations indicate seventeen volcanic events in DT263 ice core. Compared with those from previous Antarctic ice cores, significant discrepancies are found between these records in relative volcanic flux of several well-known events. The discrepancies among these records may be explained by the differences in surface topography, accumulation rate, snow drift and distribution which highlight the potential impact of local glaci-ology on ice core volcanic records, analytical techniques used for sulfate measurement, etc. Volcanic eruptions in middle and high southern latitudes affect volcanic records in Antarctic snow more intensively than those in the low latitudes.     

鹅公山火山盆地铀多金属矿成矿条件分析

鹩公山火山盆地是赣杭构造火山岩带铀多金属矿产较丰富的火山盆地.在整理前人勘查成果资料的基础上,总结了铀、金、银成矿地质特征,从火山盆地成矿元素聚集、构造、岩浆活动、围岩蚀变、隐爆作用及幔源物质等方面对火山盆地铀多金属矿成矿条件进行了分析,认为中生代强烈的火山岩浆活动及其作用,为火山盆地火山-潜火山热液型铀多金属成矿提供了有利的地质条件.文章建议加强隐爆角砾岩与成矿关系及幔源物质参与成矿作用的研究.     

Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of No.3 buried-hill region in Nanpu Sag

Based on the data of 44 samples of hydrocarbon source rocks in Nanpu No.3 buffed-hill region, the kerogen type is judged through the pyrolysis and microscopic identification. At the same time, organic matter maturity and hydrocarbon generation threshold are studied by using vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis yield and hydrocarbon abundance. Meanwhile the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold is calculated. And the characteristics of organic hydrocarbon generation and expulsion are preliminarily revealed and evaluated. The result shows that the No.3 buffed-hill region has abundant hydrocarbon source rocks with high content of organic carbon. And the primary types of kerogen are II, and lI 2. The hydrocarbon source rocks which passed biochemistry, thermolysis and thermal cracking have developed into the mature-postmature phase of different extents. And plenty of oil and gas were expelled out. It is believed the depth of oil-generating window is 3 600 m and the depth of hydro- carbon-expulsion threshold is 4 100 m. The comprehensive analysis indicates that Nanpu No.3 burried-hill region has a certain condition to generate hydrocarbon which is very promising in oil exploration and thus can become an important exploration and development target next.     

六盘山盆地白垩系烃源岩发育特征与勘探方向

在野外实测地层剖面、钻井资料和二维地震资料解释的基础上,结合野外露头和钻井取心岩样的地球化学资料,总结分析了六盘山盆地白垩系的烃源岩发育特征,研究认为:K1l组暗色泥岩发育程度低,单层厚度薄,有机质丰度低但已达成熟阶段;K1n,K1m沉积厚度较K1l薄,暗色泥岩发育程度高,单层厚度厚,有机质丰度高,处于低成熟阶段。利用生物标志化合物对C1,C2井原油、露头沥青与白垩系烃源岩进行了油源对比分析,认为K1m与K1l烃源岩都发生过油气生成和运移,而K1l烃源岩为目前最现实的烃源岩;结合探井钻探效果分析,认为六盘山盆地油气勘探应以寻找靠近生烃中心的断裂发育区和构造圈闭为主。     

准噶尔盆地中拐地区佳二段沸石类矿物成岩作用及其对油气成藏的意义

通过岩心、铸体薄片、电子探针、包裹体等资料,对中拐地区二叠系佳木河组佳二段沸石类矿物成岩作用进行研究,并分析其对油气成藏的意义。结果表明:佳二段沸石类胶结是最主要的胶结类型,主要有浊沸石、片沸石和方沸石3种沸石类矿物;前期沸石的胶结保存了部分原始孔隙结构,为后期浊沸石和方沸石的溶蚀提供了物质基础。佳二段沸石类矿物主要分布在扇三角洲河道厚层的砂砾岩体中,其形成与火山物质密切相关;地层水化学性质、pH值以及离子的性质和比率、温度和压力等决定了沸石类型的转化:沸石从上到下的转化序列为方沸石-片沸石-浊沸石,除了沸石矿物的转化,斜长石的钠长石化也形成了部分浊沸石;浊沸石含量和溶蚀强度决定了储层质量,其次生孔隙发育带是寻找有利油气储层的目标区域。     

埋藏有机酸性流体对白云岩储层溶蚀作用的模拟实验

通过0.2%乙酸与亮晶鲕粒含灰云岩、鲕粒云岩和粉细晶云岩的埋藏溶蚀模拟实验,对埋藏环境下有机酸流体流经白云岩内部对其溶蚀改造作用及其产生的溶蚀效应进行研究。结果表明:3种类型白云岩释放出Ca2+、Mg2+物质的量浓度为(13.19~20.48)×10-3mol/L,随着埋藏深度的增加(温度和压力升高),有机酸对白云岩的溶蚀能力相应降低,但降低的幅度不超过20%;溶蚀后样品的质量平均损失约1%,而孔隙度平均提高5%,渗透率平均增加幅度高达300%;有机酸性流体在深埋条件下仍对白云岩地层具有较强溶蚀性;白云岩经埋藏溶蚀后其内部孔隙和喉道溶蚀加大,并相互连通,导致孔喉体积增加、数量降低,这对渗透率的提高具有异常明显的效果,从而有利于油、气的储集与运移。