岩体地震破坏后弹性波波动力学参数特征研究──以黄河大柳树地区岩体为例

地震是一种强自然灾害，对工程岩体的破坏实质是对地质体再改造的过程，它不仅改变了岩体原来的工程特性，同时也改变了岩体的赋存条件与环境。本文重点研究了中卫──同心活动断裂带内的黄河大柳树地区岩体地震破坏后的低波速，强衰减，低频率的特征，并研究其空间上的分布规律。按其工程地质分类标准应属碎裂结构和散体结构，即Ⅳ、Ⅴ类岩体。为进一步突出其波动力学特征，相应地与同岩性、同峡谷的小观音地区岩体，同岩性的李家峡坝基岩体做了比较。     

在两相流状态下柴油机供油系统中音速的测定

本文通过在喷油泵试验台上测定高压油路实际压力波传播速度，论述了在油一汽两相状态下，柴油机喷油系统中高压油管和喷油嘴油道内音速的变化规律，并指出造成高压油路各段音速不同的原因是高压油路内汽泡分布的不均匀性。     

浅孔密集钻注浆及有关参数的确定

本文阐述采用浅孔密集钻注浆时,钻孔的布置和设计,注浆材料的粒度分级和水土比的简易测定方法,以及泥浆输送中计算水力坡度、临界流速和倍线时有关参数的确定。     

含蜡原油管输的通用速度分布与温度分布

以控制流体流动的动量方程、能量方程和描述流体流动特性的本构方程作为基本方程组,对定壁面温度和定环境温度两种热边界条件下的含蜡原油圆管流动的速度分布与温度分布进行了解析求解.分析与计算表明:所得解析解普遍适用于含蜡原油的各种流变行为.当屈服应力τ0不等于零时,在管中心存在着柱塞流,柱塞半径r0与τ0成正比;在柱塞内,速度与温度沿径向呈均匀分布;在柱塞外,速度与温度沿径向呈曲线分布.通过实例计算,分析了流变参数对速度与温度分布的影响,为含蜡原油管输中压力损失和热力损失的准确计算奠定了基础.     

Ti-Ni-C系反应超音速火焰喷涂合成研究

以Ti粉、Ni粉和石墨为原料,制备了3种喷涂粉末,研究了制粒方式和粉末组成对超音速火焰合成金属陶瓷涂层组织的影响。结果表明,制粒方式在喷涂过程中对反应程度和涂层相组成起到关键的影响作用,聚乙烯醇(PVA)制粒比混合制粒更有利于喷涂过程中反应的进行,PVA制粒粉末喷涂涂层的相组成为TiC,Ni和少量Ti与Ni的氧化物,混合制粒粉末喷涂涂层中含有大量的氧化物相;超音速火焰喷涂合成过程中,粉末组分中一定量的Ti和Ni被氧化,增加Ni与C的含量对喷涂粉末的氧化有一定的抑制作用。     

强烈段塞流特征参数试验研究

为了寻求强烈段塞流特征参数的变化规律,在高4 m、内径50 mm的管线中利用双平行电导探针测试了强烈段塞流的持液率信号,并用互相关法对其进行了分析,得到了强烈段塞流的液塞速度、液塞长度随气、液相折算速度及下倾管倾角的变化规律。结果表明,当气相折算速度恒定时,随着液相折算速度的增大,液塞速度、液塞长度均线性增大;当液相折算速度恒定时,随着气相折算速度的增大,液塞速度线性增大,而液塞长度呈双曲型减小;当气、液相折算速度恒定时,随着下倾管倾角的增大,液塞速度、液塞长度都稍有增大。     

乙醇─水间歇萃取精馏中溶剂流率的选择及溶剂回收的研究

研究了以乙二醇为溶剂间歇萃取精馏乙醇—水共沸混合物的溶剂流率选择及回收过程.实验得出,乙醇—水体系的相对挥发度随溶剂比的增加而显著增大,水—乙二醇过渡馏分段持续时间很短,在该段时间会出现塔顶温度急剧跃升的现象;当回流比为2:1时,溶剂回收的收率可达到99.33%.     

Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

利用壅塞原理均匀分配高炉各风口的喷煤量

应用纯气体的壅塞原理,对由空气和煤粉组成的气粉两相流的壅塞现象进行了理论和实验研究,提出了一种基于壅塞原理的可均匀分配高炉喷吹煤粉流量的新方法.结果表明,在现有高炉喷煤系统的各输送支管前安装一组具有相同几何尺寸的“喉形喷管”并满足适当压力条件时,两相流将在各喷管内发生壅塞流动.此时,其流速和流量将保持一致且不受后续管路条件不同的影响,从而可起到均化喷煤量的作用.实验测定了质量流量与出口压强的关系,定义了临界压强比可作为判定壅塞发生与否的依据,并找出了临界压强比与固气比之间的变化规律,给出了实用喷管的选择依据和使用条件.     

Ability to detect weak effective seismic signals by utilizing chaotic vibrator system

Taking the advantage of CVS (Chaotic Vibrator System) sensitivity of large-scale periodic phase-state response to quasi-periodic or periodic signals,a series of numerical experiments were made to understand the ability of CVS to detect weak effective seismic signals in the common-shot seismic record distorted by strong stochastic noise. The re-sults demonstrate that the large-scale periodic phase-states of CVS are correlated with the signal composition of the quasi-periodic wavelet sequence constructing from horizontal moveout of seismic events,noise strength and the noise distortion de-gree to signal. For the same kind of events,the higher the noise distortion degree is,the lower the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. For seismic data with the same noise distortion degree,the closer the scanning seismic velocity (the trial moveout ve-locity) approaches to the accurate velocity,the higher the detectable SNR can be reached by CVS. More-over,the truncating scanning velocities form an asymmetric belt,which indirectly makes CVS achieve a large-scale periodic phase-state and then the ratio of wavelet distortion coefficients in events can be a biggish variable scope.