泡沫铝合金耐火性能的研究

用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立泡沫铝合金的模型，模拟出在高温条件下泡沫模型的背火面温度场分布情况，得出其温度分布规律并求出它的耐火极限。同时对致密铝合金进行分析比较，发现泡沫铝合金的传热性能低于致密铝合金，而耐火性能优于致密铝合金。研究的结果对于泡沫铝合金在耐火材料方面的应用具有一定的指导意义。     

A multi-layer zone model for predicting temperature distribution in a fire room

Modelingoffireinacompartmentcanbeachievedeitherusingazonemodelingmethodoracomputationalfluiddynamics (CFD )modelingmethod .Themostcommonzonemodelisthetwo zonemodel.Themaincharacterofthismodelisthatitdividestheroom (s)intoahot ,upperlayerandacooler,lowerlayer ,andthatthephysicalpropertiesofeachlayer ,suchasitsgastemperatureandspeciesconcentrationsarealluniform .Somemodelsofthistypehavebeendeveloped[1～3] ,andacomprehensivereviewoftheexistingtwo zonefiremodelscanbefoundinreference [4 ].Thecomp…     

Simulation of evacuation behaviors in fire using spacial grid

A two-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) model to demonstrate the special phenomena of occupants evacuating from fire room is presented. A set of simple but effective models is proposed to investigate the effect of fire smoke on route choice. The concept of danger grade is introduced, and occupants select the target cell according to the value of danger grade at each time step. Some technique is introduced to substitute the human intelligence, such as premeditation. The simulation results show that human evacuation is influenced greatly by both human visual field and building exit.     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

聚乙烯车间生产系统危险性评价

分析了某聚乙烯生产系统危险因素的基础上,应用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法对某车间原料精制单元、聚合和储罐区等主要危险工艺单元进行火灾、爆炸危险性评价,找出导致事故发生的可能性因素,对事故严重伤害的可能性进行分析,并提出事故防范的安全对策.     

黄土高原植被建设应从扩大面积向提升质量转变

 自1999年退耕还林还草政策实施以来,黄土高原的植被覆盖显著增加,有效遏制了该区水土流失。目前黄土高原的植被净初级生产力已经接近该区水资源承载力阈值,进一步扩大该区植被建设面积将不可避免地加剧水资源短缺等问题。为进一步巩固退耕还林成果,黄土高原未来的植被建设应从扩大面积向提升质量转变。     

高压天然气管道喷射火热辐射计算

天然气燃爆喷射火事故可能造成人员建筑严重损害,为研究大型天然气喷射火燃爆特性,使用CFD计算软件,对质量流量在5 kg/s以上,压力分别为12 MPa与6 MPa,泄漏孔径在25 mm、50 mm与100 mm时的高压天然气喷射火进行仿真,得到这六种工况下喷射火火焰尺寸、温度分布和近地热辐射强度分布曲线,并得到喷射火长度与宽度和泄漏孔直径的线性变化关系.与喷射火常用的Thornton模型对比,仿真结果计算的火焰长度基本符合,热辐射结果在泄漏中心30 m以外基本相近,两种方法都可用于估算远距离喷射火热辐射强度,为天然气设施安全设计提供参考.     

一种小型灭火装置的复合型水雾喷头设计

设计一种新型的复合型水雾喷头,改变现有的利用细水雾技术设计的水雾喷头结构,使小型灭火装置具备使用方便、高效快捷、灭火作用强等特点,适合推广应用.     

基于微信平台防火防盗系统的设计与实现

为提高学生宿舍的火灾预警以及防盗报警的能力, 给学生提供安全舒适的居住环境, 运用无线传感网技 术和后台服务器开发技术, 设计了基于微信公众平台的防火防盗系统。 通过该系统用户可使用微信端实时查 看室内状况, 实现对学生宿舍的远程监控。 该系统成本低、 操作灵活、 界面友好, 经实际使用获得了很好的用 户体验。     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。