Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

溴代双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂的阻燃机理

利用TGA、DSC、热解-电导率仪,研究了文题内容。实验结果说明了溴的引入,使树脂具有良好的阻燃性,当溴含量大于7.63%(wt)时,树脂即能自熄。溴使树脂热解过程成碳倾向增加,分解生成的溴化氢是有效的自由基捕获剂。三氧化二锑和溴同时引入,对阻燃具有协同效应。     

海堤地基软土夹层的塑流分析

软土夹层地基上的土堤很可能由于软土夹层的塑流而导致破坏．将土作为非线性弹性体，基于邓肯－张模型、土的塑性平衡以及应力重分布．采用非线性有限元法计算了地基的变形和软土层的塑性区域，并根据这些计算结果探讨了软土塑流导致土堤失稳的条件，提出了相应的、工程实用的计算公式。     

双剪应力四参数和五参数准则

本文在作者1962年提出的普遍形式强度理论和1983年的广义双剪应力强度理论的基础上,进一步考虑材料强度性质在π平面和拉伸子午线及压缩子午线上的不同变化规律,得出了适用于描述岩土类材料破坏规律的双剪应力四参数准则和双剪应力五参数准则.其特例可适用于金属类材料.研究结果表明,近年来国内外提出的一些著名的强度理论和多参数准则可以作为本文结果的特例或逼近.     

带α－取代酯基的不饱和羧酸酯的碘诱导环化反应

在实验中使用了气相色谱、核磁共振氢谱及高分辨快原子轰击质谱跟踪了带α－取代酯基（羧酯基和磷酯基）的不饱和羧酸酯的碘诱导环化反应，提出一个新的中间体的概念和相应的反应机理，并根据该机理对反应条件作了改变，首次合成了带有α－取代酯基的不饱和羧酸酯的内酯化产物。     

烟台市区地基土的主要类型及其工程地质特征

分析了烟台市区地基土的主要类型，研究了各类土的工程地质特征，并对其工程地质性质进行了初步评价。     

基于PCR-DGGE技术的石油污染土壤微生物多态性

基于PCR-DGGE技术,通过对中国不同区域环境下的油田区石油污染土壤微生物多态性的评价,探讨微生态环境与微生物多态性之间的内在关系,初步揭示环境胁迫下微生物多态性与降解活性之间的制约性。结果表明,提取的石油污染土壤微生物总DNA产率为3.45~11.7μg/g(以土壤质量计算),纯度为1.5~1.87,土壤含油率通过制约微生物数量和活性而对总DNA产率产生影响。在含水率较高的华东地区,其样品微生物种群多样性最高,DGGE条带数为西北地区样品的2~5倍。经过2个月的强化生物降解,东北地区样品的DGGE条带数约为原始样品的75%。     

水质耦合模型在农药对土壤包气带污染中应用

在综合考虑农药类污染物在非饱和土壤环境中的水动力弥散、吸附解吸及微生物降解等环境行为的前提下,建立土壤中农药类化学污染物迁移的耦合动力学模型,模型中充分考虑了溶质在土壤固体骨架上非平衡吸附作用,并对农药阿特拉津在土壤中的运移过程进行了数值模拟,对模型中的几个重要参数(含水率、吸附速率和水动力弥散系数)进行了灵敏度分析;结果表明,土壤水分含量变化对农药类污染物质在环境介质中迁移转化起着重要作用.这对于定量化分析农药类污染物在土壤中迁移对地下水污染的潜在性影响提供了可靠的理论根据,同时可为现场农药环境污染评价提供技术支持.     

宁明非饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度

用GDS非饱和三轴试验系统对宁明膨胀土进行了饱和状态下的固结排水试验以及控制基质吸力的非饱和三轴排水试验,分析得到了不同基质吸力下非饱和土的总粘聚力及吸附强度与吸力之间的关系.并对试验结果进行了数值拟和,由此获得了宁明膨胀土非饱和抗剪强度表达式.将参考文献中同类试验结果代入,同样满足此关系.