胰岛素受体底物1和2的氨基酸网络特征研究

在胰岛素对脂质代谢的调控作用中,胰岛素受体底物2(IRS2)比胰岛素受体底物1(IRS1)发挥了更加重要的作用。为研究两者发挥作用的差异,分别选择IRS1、IRS2的4个结构数据,构建氨基酸相互作用网络,计算整体拓扑特征,分析网络的hub氨基酸差异,计算7种中心性特征。实验表明,IRS2氨基酸相互作用网络的平均度及聚类系数高于IRS1的1QQG、5U1M、6BNT;IRS2中的hub氨基酸ATP、LYS、ILE是IRS1所没有的;除子图中心性和特征向量中心性外,IRS2网络中节点的其他中心性特征均优于IRS1。结果表明,IRS2的氨基酸相互作用网络中,节点聚集程度较高,更容易形成模块,更容易到达其他节点,与其他节点发生通讯。可以推测:IRS2在胰岛素对肝脏的代谢调控中比IRS1发挥着更加重要的作用。     

天然脂肪醇抑芽剂对烤烟抑芽效果研究

为解决烟草抑芽剂农药残留潜在风险,将一种由天然脂肪醇配置的抑芽剂作为材料,以氟节胺为对照,通过田间试验的方法,研究该抑芽剂不同稀释倍数及不同施药方法的抑芽效果,结果表明:天然脂肪醇抑芽剂6个处理的抑芽率均显著高于氟节胺处理的,第40 d时,其抑芽率达到87.38%以上。其中,天然脂肪醇抑芽剂15倍、20倍稀释处理的抑芽效果达到97.94%以上,与氟节胺处理间差异不显著;同时,这两个处理可以增大顶部两片叶面积,提高上桔二烟叶的还原糖、总糖含量。     

污染物在二层非饱和土中运移过程综合分析

假设填埋场下部为具有压实黏土衬里（CCL）、下卧土层及含水层的三层结构体系,基于Richards方程,在稳态渗流下,得到了CCL与下卧土层体积含水率的解析解.依据污染物在多孔介质中运移机制,建立了污染物在包含两层非饱和土层的三层结构体系中运移的一维计算模型.在计算模型中分别考虑了CCL的非线性吸附特性、污染物运移过程中的生物降解特性、垃圾的生物降解特性等.采用所建立的数学模型,对某一假想填埋场进行了具体计算,通过变动参数计算与分析,探讨了各种因素对污染物运移的影响.计算结果表明,非饱和土层的吸附与生物降解可显著影响污染物运移,特别是CCL的吸附与生物降解特性影响更为显著,为污染物运移的控制因素.非饱和土的体积含水率较大时,含水率变化对污染物运移影响较小.     

铝合金表面构建超疏水性的化学改性机理

系统研究了刻蚀一化学改性两步法中的蒸镀改性工艺对铝合金表面形貌和润湿性的影响,提出了刻蚀与化学改性同时进行的一步浸泡法制备超疏水铝合金.结果表明,两步法蒸镀改性工艺中,硬脂酸端部的极性亲水羧基与铝合金表面羟基以共价键结合,从而在铝合金表面形成一层硬脂酸膜,使铝合金实现低表面能化,水滴在其表面处于Cassie状态,接触角...     

Volume change behavior of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions

With the development of modern geotechnical engineering practices such as the construction of high level radioactive waste repositories, exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, energy-saving buildings and underground storage of CO 2 , research into the influence of temperature on the basic mechanical properties of unsaturated soils has become an important issue internationally. By using the work expression and considering the influence of temperature on the basic properties of unsaturated soils, the average soil skeleton stress, modified suction and temperature were selected as state variables of generalized forces in thermodynamics and the soil skeleton strain, saturation and entropy were chosen as state variables of generalized flows conjugate to the variables of generalized forces. Based on the nonlinear multi-field coupled model and by using existing experimental results, an elastic-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils under non-isothermal conditions was developed to analyze the influence of temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils. The model was used to predict and analyze the influence of suction and temperature on the deformation properties of unsaturated soils under isotropic conditions, and was successfully verified using experimental results.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

银杏种仁中银杏酚酸的提取及组分研究

银杏酚酸是银杏种仁中的过敏原。笔者以单因素试验为基础,采用正交试验设计优化银杏酚酸的提取工艺,并通过HPLC对其组分进行分析。结果表明:影响银杏酚酸提取量的主次顺序是乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间,最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数85%、提取时间12 h,料液比1∶12.5,在此条件下得到的银杏酚酸主要有5种。验证性实验表明,在该条件下,银杏酚酸的提取量(PW)达到147.94μg/g,残留的银杏酚酸质量分数为2.19%,显著小于国际标准。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

离子色谱保留模型同时检验果汁中7种有机酸

离子色谱是检测果汁内有机酸的重要辨别法,但需要反复试验以确定最优色谱条件。为缩短时间、降低成本,首次将离子色谱保留模型应用于果汁有机酸的分析中,在理论和实验相结合的情况下提出优化模型,随后确立该模型分析果汁内7种有机酸的最优色谱条件。在该条件下,对苹果汁中常见的7种有机酸进行检测,对3种不同的苹果汁进行分析,验证了该方法的精准性和适用性。研究结果可为果汁内有机酸的检测提供一定的理论支撑。     

漆酶催化不同小分子物质改善纤维性能

以紫丁香醇和L–苯丙氨酸作为酚类物质和氨基酸的代表物质,比较了漆酶/酚类物质和漆酶/氨基酸对OCC(废瓦楞箱板纸)纸浆纤维表面性能的改善效果.使用红外光谱分析、扫描电镜、纤维形态分析对纤维表面形貌进行观察.并对漆酶和小分子物质共同处理后的OCC纸浆进行物理性能检测.纤维形态分析和表面电镜的测定证明了酚类物质和氨基酸可以接枝到纤维表面,表现为纤维粗度增加,纤维表面出现沉积物及纤维间连接膜生成,从而提高成纸强度,特别是湿环压强度提高更为明显.