同位素内标法对水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的同位素内标定量液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。样品经稀盐酸水解,邻硝基苯甲醛衍生,乙酸乙酯提取净化后,用液相色谱-串联质谱法通过正离子扫描多反应监测模式检测,稳定同位素内标定量。本方法的线性范围为1.25～10μg/kg,4种硝基呋喃代谢物的线性相关系数均在0.993 2以上,4种化合物...     

Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

Changes in physical features of Glacier No. 1 of the Tianshan Mountains in response to climate change

This study analyzes the changes in glacier zones and snow composition of Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains of China since 1961,and their possible relations with climate.It is found that precipitation dominated the snow composition and that air temperature and precipitation controlled the distribution of glacier zones,but interannual change in precipitation had a relatively large effect on glacier zones and snow composition during 1963–1981 (P10) and 1963–1989 (P11).However,during 1982–2007 (P20) and 19...     

流量比对气膜冷却叶片表面换热系数的影响

为深入了解某型涡轮叶栅进口导叶叶片的换热规律,采用瞬态液晶技术测量了无气膜孔叶片和带气膜孔叶片在不同流量比下的表面换热系数,通过对比分析,研究了气膜出流和流量比变化对叶片表面换热的影响.实验中叶栅通道来流雷诺数为108 000,叶片气膜出流与叶栅通道来流的质量流量比为0、3.46%、4.61%、5.77%、6.93%、8.08%、9.23%.实验测量获得了无气膜叶片中截面的压力分布曲线,以及各流量比下叶片表面的换热系数分布云图及其平均值线图.研究结果表明:叶片吸力面存在气流流动分离;气膜出流使得分离点位置提前,并且缩短了分离再附着的过渡区域;气膜出流使叶片前缘、压力面和吸力面气膜孔区域的换热系数大幅升高,但对吸力面分离点后区域的换热影响不大;在实验工况范围内,气膜出流流量比越大,换热系数越高.     

面向客流仿真的轨道交通车站图形建模方法

分析了城市轨道交通车站空间结构和设施设备特点,将其划分为车站-楼层-区域-设备的逻辑层次结构;利用面向对象(object oriented)建模技术,提出了一套简洁而灵活的方法:通过3种几何线型类和4种设施设备基元类,以组合的方式构建车站所有设施设备模型,进而构建整个车站的空间结构模型.此方法不但能够利用现有AutoCAD工程图精确而快捷地建立客流仿真地图,并且能够以矢量图形的方式实时显示仿真过程.     

吸气式汽油／空气脉冲爆震发动机组合气动阀研究

研究了一种高性能吸气式脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）气动阀。将钝体和旋流两种气动阀串联安装在PDE进气道内,通过改变气动阀和喷嘴位置,构成多种组合气动阀。实验表明：组合气动阀能够产生连续的爆震波;上游钝体气动阀和下游旋流气动阀的组合效果最好;组合气动阀的爆震燃烧性能优于单个气动阀;钝体气动阀优于旋流气动阀。研究结果对开发新式...     

微波驱动的四能级系统电磁诱导负折射特性

电磁诱导负折射现象是光与物质相互作用中表现出来的一种奇特的非线性效应,对其形成机理及非线性特性的研究具有重要的理论意义和巨大的潜在应用价值.建立了微波驱动下的四能级系统模型,研究了系统的介电常数和磁导率随系统参数的变化规律.由于本能级系统中存在一个可调谐耦合场,它同时与2个光学跃迁发生作用,研究结果表明,固定耦合场的拉...     

盘式磁流变液阻尼器的简化逆动态模型

针对磁流变液阻尼器高度非线性特性导致的控制难问题,提出一种简化的逆动态模型.该模型可由速度反馈算法或力反馈算法实现,可以用来计算磁流变液的屈服应力或输入电流,使磁流变液阻尼器实时地产生一个阻尼力,并确保该阻尼力达到从各种优化算法中获得的目标控制力.在此基础上将盘式磁流变液阻尼器应用于力反馈系统中,并将简化逆动态模型用于...     

封闭环形连续钢箱梁人行天桥不同减振方法的研究

针对某钢箱连续人行天桥特殊的结构形式及振动特性,建立空间有限元模型,以跨中竖向位移及加速度减振率为标准,通过理论计算比较TMD减振效果与频率调整法减振效果,结果表明对于该桥频率调整法减振效果远远优于TMD减振效果,可见TMD减振系统并不是适用于所有结构,所得结论可供同类桥型减振设计参考使用.