加热过程对热带气旋生成的数值试验

用Pielke等的中尺度两维原始方程数值模式研究海气相互作用和其它非绝热加热过程对热带气旋生成的作用。进行了7种数值试验,即:(1)只考虑无云情况下的辐射加热作用;(2)考虑辐射加热和不均匀的云量效应;(3)只考虑海气交界面上的潜热和感热通量;(4)大尺度凝结、对流调整、辐射和洋面上潜热感热输送;(5)积云对流凝结加热和云天辐射;(6)积云对流凝结加热和洋面上的潜热感热通量;和(7)积云对流凝结加热、洋面上的潜热、感热通量和云天辐射等全部加热过程。 结果表明:积云对流凝结加热对热带气旋的生成起最重要的作用,大尺度凝结加热和对流调整趋于使低压填塞,而洋面上的潜热、感热通量也起不可缺少的作用。     

一阶非线性泛函微分方程的振动准则

研究两类带强迫项的一阶非线性泛函微分方程的振动准则,所得结果推广了已有文献的结果.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Effects of historical land cover changes on climate

In order to explore the influence of anthropogenic land use on the climate system during the last mil- lennium, a set of experiments is performed with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity—— the McGill Paleoclimate Model (MPM-2). The present paper mainly focuses on biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes. A dynamic scenario of deforestation is described based on changes in cropland fraction (RF99). The model simulates a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.09-0.16℃, especially 0.14-0.22℃ in Northern Hemisphere during the last 300 years. The responses of climate system to GHGs concentration changes are also calculated for comparisons. Now, afforestation is becoming an important choice for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration and adjustment of regional climate. The results indicate that biogeophysical effects of land cover changes cannot be neglected in the assessments of climate change.     

靶体响应力函数的确定方法及其在侵彻力学中的应用

首先,介绍了力函数的确定方法包括经验法、理论分析法和数值模拟法.其中经验法中给出了Forrestal半经验公式和改进的Wen半经验公式;理论分析法中详细介绍了空穴膨胀理论及其研究进展;数值模拟方法中模拟了半无限大材料中的球形和柱形空穴膨胀模型,并将模拟得到的结果与理论解进行了比较,发现二者吻合得很好.最后,给出了靶体响应力函数在侵彻力学中的应用.     

New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (part I)

Continuing examination of colonial ascidians in museum collections is revealing further diversity in the family Didemnidae, which abounds in the tropical Indo-West Pacific and around the Australian continent (Kott, 2001). From the present work, it is apparent that much remains to be learnt about this fauna. Of the 45 species discussed in this paper, 16 are new. Larvae are described for the first time for Polysyncraton pedunculatum Kott, 2001 and P. rica Kott, 2001. Amongst the synonymy established in this paper Didemnoides tropicum Sluiter, 1909 is found to be a junior synonym of Lissoclinum patella (Gottschaldt, 1898) and Trididemnum vermiforme Kott, 2001 a junior synonym of T. nobile Kott, 2001. Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967 is found to be a valid species distinct from Polysyncraton cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909). Prolific replication rates, rapid colony growth, flexibility in growth form and a viviparous habit result in convergence tending to small zooid size, and similar large, increasingly complex colonies found in this family contribute to species diversity around the whole of the Australian continent.     

海南热带《树木学》的理论教学及实践教学之研究

《树木学》是林学的专业基础课程,由于海南高等院校仅从1999年开始开设林学专业,而热带树木种类极为丰富,因此,要讲授好海南热带《树木学》有较多的困难。本文是结合热带《树木学》的教学经验与多年的野外研究工作经验,认为必须调整现有教材《树木学》的一些内容和教学重点和改变教学方式,才能讲授好海南热带《树木学》。文中明确指出海南热带《树木学》教师的理论与实践教学的结合能力建设是关键。     

The persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains

The tropical heating and transient activity features during the period of the persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains are studied, and a possible mechanism responsible for formation and maintenance of persistent anomalies is proposed. The mechanism can be summarized as a kind of self-sustaining through a two-way interaction of stationary wave with transient eddies under the consistent forcing of abnormal heating in the tropics.