六钛酸钾晶须掺杂改性气凝胶的结构和性能

以六钛酸钾晶须（PTW）为遮光剂,掺入SiO₂气凝胶中降低气凝胶的热导率。研究偶联剂的种类和添加量、PTW掺入量对气凝胶热导率、密度和比表面积等性能的影响。采用X线衍射仪（XRD）、傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对气凝胶进行表征。结果表明:0.5 mL KH550对10 g PTW进行表面改性后,将PTW按照质量分数28.57%掺入SiO₂气凝胶中可使其热导率降至0.023 55 W/（m·K）。PTW在气凝胶中保持原有的晶体结构,SiO₂仍保持无定形网络结构。     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

工业化超疏水TiO2涂层的简易制备和性能研究

为探究适合工业化生产用超疏水纳米TiO₂的绿色改性工艺,以饱和脂肪酸A、硅烷B、纳米TiO₂（P25）等为原料制备超疏水TiO₂粉末,与环氧树脂混合后利用喷涂法制备出超疏水涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角分析仪对超疏水粉末和超疏水涂层表面的形貌和疏水性进行了表征。结果表明：超疏水TiO₂粒子表面具有疏水性基团和微-纳米双重粗糙结构,粒子表面的静态水接触角为158°,滚动角为3°;当超疏水TiO₂与环氧树脂的质量比在3.2～3.5时,超疏水涂层既保持超疏水性,又与基底稳固结合,同时具有自清洁性和可修复性。该工艺操作简单方便,成本低,疏水性好,无需特殊设备,工艺环保,适应工业化生产,可用来大面积制备超疏水涂层,拥有较高的商业价值。     

构建TiO2柱状多层石墨烯纳米复合材料作为降解环丙沙星的高效光催化剂

We successfully constructed TiO₂-pillared multilayer graphene nanocomposites (T-MLGs) via a facile method as follows: dodecanediamine pre-pillaring, ion exchange (Ti4+ pillaring), and interlayer in-situ formation of TiO₂ by hydrothermal method. TiO₂ nanoparticles were distributed uniformly on the graphene interlayer. The special structure combined the advantages of graphene and TiO₂ nanoparticles. As a result, T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ showed the optimum photodegradation rate and adsorption capabilities toward ciprofloxacin. The photodegradation rate of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 78% under light-emitting diode light irradiation for 150 min. Meanwhile, the pseudo-first-order rate constant of T-MLGs with 64.3wt% TiO₂ was 3.89 times than that of pristine TiO₂. The composites also exhibited high stability and reusability after five consecutive photocatalytic tests. This work provides a facile method to synthesize semiconductor-pillared graphene nanocomposites by replacing TiO₂ nanoparticles with other nanoparticles and a feasible means for sustainable utilization of photocatalysts in wastewater control.     

碳包覆Ti3AlC2增强银基复合材料的制备与性能

Ti₃AlC₂-reinforced Ag-based composites, which are used as sliding current collectors, electrical contacts, and electrode materials, exhibit remarkable performances. However, the interfacial reactions between Ag and Ti₃AlC₂ significantly degrade the electrical and thermal properties of these composites. To diminish these interfacial reactions, we fabricated carbon-coated Ti₃AlC₂ particles (C@Ti₃AlC₂) as reinforcement and prepared Ag–10wt%C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites with carbon-layer thicknesses ranging from 50–200 nm. Compared with the uncoated Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ composite, Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ was found to have a better distribution of Ti₃AlC₂ particles. With increases in the carbon-layer thickness, the Vickers hardness value and relative density of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ gradually decreases. With a carbon-layer thickness of 150 nm, we obtained the lowest resistivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ of 29.4 135.5×10?9 Ω·m, which is half that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂ (66.7 × 10?9 Ω·m). The thermal conductivity of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ reached a maximum value of 135.5 W·m?1·K?1 with a 200-nm carbon coating (~1.8 times that of Ag–Ti₃AlC₂). These results indicate that the carbon-coating method is a feasible strategy for improving the performance of Ag–C@Ti₃AlC₂ composites.     

PI/TiO2杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究

以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成TiO2溶胶,通过两步法制备聚酰亚胺(PI)/TiO2杂化薄膜.利用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-射线衍射,对杂化薄膜的微观形貌及结构进行表征,讨论了TiO2掺杂量对杂化薄膜紫外-可见光透过率和力学性能的影响.结果表明:PI杂化薄膜中存在TiO2空间网络结构;杂化薄膜与纯膜相比,结晶度下降,透明度也出现一定程度的下降;当TiO2掺杂量为3%时,杂化薄膜表现出较佳的力学性能.     

低碳钢碳氮析出物的热力学计算

钢中的碳氮析出物通过细晶强化和析出强化方式对钢的力学性能有非常重要的作用. 基于规则溶液的双亚点阵模型(其中一个为金属亚点阵,另一个为间隙原子亚点阵)建立了碳氮化钛、氮化铝以及硫化锰的热力学计算模型用以研究析出物的析出开始温度、给定温度的奥氏体成分,并将这一结果应用于CSP过程. 经计算得Ti(CxN1-x),MnS和 AlN的析出温度分别是1 200 ℃,1 440 ℃和1 010 ℃,最大的体积分数分别为2.315×10-5,4.18×10-4和3.1×10-4. 对比发现热力学的计算结果与Thermo-Calc的计算结果和有关文献的实验数据有较好的一致性.     

电子束熔化成形与锻造Ti6Al4V合金的腐蚀行为对比研究

本工作采用电化学工作站研究了电子束熔化技术（EBM）成形TC4样品和传统锻造TC4在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明EBM成形TC4样品的非平衡微观结构使其与传统锻造的TC4相比,表现出不同的耐腐蚀性. EBM成形TC4样品与锻件TC4相比,EBM成形样品不同平面存在耐蚀性差异,而且EBM水平面大于锻件,EBM垂直面小于锻件. EBM成形TC4样品垂直面出现的腐蚀性能的各向异性主要是β柱状晶导致的. 在腐蚀的过程中,点蚀优先发生在α晶界,因为晶界能量较高,形成多孔的钝化层. 本项工作有助于丰富增材制造制备TC4合金在航空钛合金领域的腐蚀性能研究.     

基于层次分析法与加权叠加分析模型的攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿开发利用评价

在对攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿资源开发利用现状进行调查研究的基础上,建立了由目标层、中间层、指标层构成的3层评价指标体系;运用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,并采用加权叠加分析模型计算评价指数,对攀西地区各矿区钒钛磁铁矿资源的开发利用情况进行评价。评价指数越大,钒钛磁铁矿资源的开发利用程度越高。评价结果较好地体现了攀西地区各矿区对钒钛磁铁矿资源的开发利用程度。     

离子源辅助法制备T iN及等离子体特性研究

采用TCP等离子体辅助电子束蒸发沉积技术,在室温条件下的玻璃基片上制备了纳米结构的氮化钛薄膜.运用X衍射技术对该薄膜进行表征.利用朗缪尔静电双探针诊断了蒸发镀膜装置反应室内等离子体密度及分析其分布规律,并分析了气压和功率对等离子体分布的影响.结果表明:离子源源口等离子体密度较大且分布不均匀;反应室内等离子体迅速扩散,密度变小且分布趋于均匀.