苏珊·桑塔格《疾病的隐喻》中的文化研究关键词

美国文学艺术家、文化批评家苏珊·桑塔格对于西方文化中“疾病隐喻”的分析表现出了发微见著的洞察力,言语犀利,不乏睿智,但散文化的风格使其缺乏深层的理论分析和论证。桑塔格的批评实践中隐含着几个重要的文化研究关键词——意义与话语、身体与身份、隐喻与修辞,这些概念和术语有助于对“疾病隐喻”中涉及的一些文化研究问题进行更加理论化的探讨。     

《西京赋》的音乐艺术价值考

《西京赋》利用较长篇幅对汉时京城典型的音乐文化活动场面、艺术形式、内容及艺术表现等的详细记录,展现了张衡在音乐艺术领域的杰出才能;其内容经过较严密的考察,具有较强的写实性特征,从而具有原始记录的珍贵性、从宏观到微观的系统性、对学术研究的启示性等价值。     

NMR Dynamic Studies in Living Systems

IntroductionApplications of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy in the study of living systemsrepresent an ever-expanding area of researchactively pursued in many universities and researchinstitutions[1 ] .The interestin studying living cellswith NMR techniques stemmed from the exchangeexperiments of human blood cells in D2 Operformed by Odeblad et al.in the mid-1 95 0 s[2 ] .Continued interest in defining and explaining theproperties of water in biological tissue from themid-1 96…     

The range of life in amber: significance and implications in DNA studies

A survey of the major fossiliferous amber deposits is provided, including ages and various categories of life forms reported from each. The frequence of occurrence of the major groups of plants and animals in these amber deposits is also given. Thus far, DNA from four insect and one plant species has been extracted from amber fossils. In the case of the stingless bee in Dominican amber, evidence of reproducibility is provided, since two independent laboratories isolated DNA from six or more different specimens of the same insect.Amber sources for DNA studies are listed together with their advantages and disadvantages. The important points are the availability of desired pieces, the proper identification of the fossil, verification of the amber deposit, the cost involved, and the feasibility of causing damage to the specimen. The availability of several types of amber (Mexican, Dominican, Baltic, Chinese, Canadian, Siberian and Lebanese) at four major sources (academic collections, commercial dealers, private collections and amber mines) is discussed. The scientific implications of obtaining DNA from amber inclusions are presented.     

平流层全球重力波活动的COSMIC观测研究

本文利用从2007年1月到2013年2月的COSMIC（Constellation Observation system for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate)温度数据,分析了平流层（20-35 km）的全球重力波活动及其随纬度、高度和季节的变化特征,揭示了平流层不同纬度重力波活动的中期变化规律。以及重力波振荡周期随纬度的变化。赤道地区重力波全年活动很强,且存在明显的准两年振荡(quasi-biennial oscillation,简称QBO)。在 〖20〗^° S-〖20〗^° N 的重力波势能极大值区与强对流区域保持一致。中高纬地区重力波都主要表现为冬季强夏季弱。中纬地区,两个半球冬季陆地上重力波活动强于海洋,且南美洲南部安第斯山每年除夏季外都有较明显的重力波活动。高纬地区,南半球冬季重力波分布保持稳定,而北半球则在某些区域增强,某些区域较弱,这一现象可能是与SSW（Stratospheric Sudden Warming）相关。通过LS谱图分析,我们发现QBO主要出现在平流层低纬地区,AO（annual oscillation,简称AO）和SAO（semiannual oscillation,简称SAO）则主要出现在平流层中高纬地区。     

语言与社会：全球化的视野（下）

(上接 2 0 0 4年第 6期 )语言 ,族群和国家语言是识别自我认同感的一种重要手段 ,我们的认同意识与我们所说的语言有着密切的联系。正如我们所注意到的 ,语言是民族特征的主要标记之一 ,是创造族群意识的一种重要方法。1 8世纪末和 1 9世纪初 ,中欧的几个古老的国家逐渐发展成为工业化社会 ,学校教育也使越来越多的人具备了读写能力 ,当时使用曾一度被视作地方语言的人因此获得了经济和政治权力 ,他们开始使用自己的语言 ,以此作为民族特征的焦点。像匈牙利语、芬兰语、拉脱维亚语和波兰语等这样的语言的出现是和这些地区的民族意识的增强相…     

Radiation embryology

Summary Prenatal development, characterized by intensive cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration, shows a high radiosensitivity. Therefore, radiation exposure of embryos and fetuses is of great concern for radiological protection and human health. Irradiation during gestation can cause death, growth disorders, malformations, functional impairment and malignant diseases in childhood. These effects are strongly dependent on the developmental stage at exposure and on the radiation dose. The first trimester of pregnancy is regarded as the period with the highest risk for malformation and cancer induction. The developing nervous system shows a special susceptibility to ionizing radiation over a long period and is therefore of great significance for risk estimation. Knowledge about radiation effects on prenatal development has been derived from animal experimentation and from the exposure of human embryos. There is evidence that doses between 1 and 10 cGy may lead to developmental anomalies and that the radiation response can be modified by additional factors.     

LOD score exclusion analyses for candidate disease susceptibility genes using case-parents design

The focus of almost all the association studies of candidate genes is to test for their importance. We recently developed a LOD score approach that can be used to test against the importance of candidate genes for complex diseases and quantitative traits in random samples. As a complementary method to regular association analyses, our LOD score approach is powerful but still affected by the population admixture, though it is more conservative. To control the confounding effect of population heterogeneity, we develop here a LOD score exclusion analysis using case?parents design, the basic design of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) approach that is immune to population admixture. In the analysis, specific genetic effects and inheritance models at candidate genes can be analyzed and if a LOD score is ≤-2.0, the locus can be excluded from having an effect larger than that specified. Simulations show that this approach has reasonable power to exclude a candidate gene having small genetic effects if it is not a disease susceptibility locus (DSL) with sample size often employed in TDT studies. Similar to association analyses with the TDT in nuclear families, our exclusion analyses are generally not affected by population admixture. The exclusion analyses may be implemented to rule out candidate genes with no or minor genetic effects as supplemental analyses for the TDT. The utility of the approach is illustrated with an application to test the importance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene underlying the differential risk to osteoporosis.     

人类学与散居人口研究:侨乡研究中的一些注意事项

探讨如何在侨乡研究中运用多学科方法。在研究位于大陆的侨乡村庄和他们散居在海外的亲属之间关系的时候,有必要考虑这些华人群体在互动过程中的空间和时间问题。因此,对地理空间和历史时间的超越要求一种结合人类学和散居人口研究的方法,以便理解侨乡研究中不断遇到的新的社会关系的出现和兴起的过程。     

西方关于语篇主题的心理语言学研究

语篇主题的建构是语篇理解的主要目的，它通过主题推理加工来实现。从心理语言学角度出发，分析主题和主题推理的性质，可以看出，主题推理存在自动加工和策略性加工两种方式；主题推理加工能力会随着年龄的增加不断发展完善，阅读能力较低个体的语篇理解困难是推理加工的缺陷造成的，这些进一步证明了推理加工对语篇理解的重要作用。