2017年光学热点回眸

 随着激光的诞生,光学已渗透到人类生活的方方面面。盘点了微纳光学、超强激光、超分辨技术、太赫兹技术、量子计算、激光3D打印、计算光学成像技术、光通信、生物光子学、X射线成像等10个未来可能会对人类生存及生活方式产生巨大影响的光学技术研究领域在2017年的重大进展。     

Design and demonstration of a 0.22 THz gyrotron oscillator

Gyrotrons are the most powerful terahertz sources and have potential applications in many areas. A terahertz gyrotron oscillator with a pulsed solenoid producing up to an 8 T magnetic field has been designed, constructed and tested. In a 7.96 T magnetic field, 3 kW output power radiations at 0.22 THz frequency have been generated. Supported by the State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2007CB310400) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 1067611)     

利用太赫兹时域信号提取材料参数常用方法和验证

讨论利用太赫兹时域信号提取材料参数的常用方法,并举例说明该方法的处理过程,研究结果表明:只要选择较厚的样品,并对太赫兹时域信号进行适当的处理,使用常用方法可以获得准确的材料参数。     

半导体超晶格高频放大效应的研究

在直流电场和太赫兹频率交流光电场下,通过弛豫时间近似下半经典的玻尔兹曼输运理论研究了半导体超晶格微带电子的高频响应及太赫兹激光辐射的产生和放大可行性,并发现在微带中布拉格反射导致的高频放大共振可以利用交流的探测激光场观察到.     

基于纳米复合材料的太赫兹滤波器研究

为了克服高阻硅片过低的太赫兹透过率和激光阈值,通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS)工艺制备了一种新型纳米复合材料,可以作为透过太赫兹波、隔离飞秒激光的高效太赫兹滤波器件.器件整体设计原理主要基于瑞利散射,粒径100nm左右的纳米颗粒可以选择性地使太赫兹波高效透过,透过率最多达90%,远超高阻硅片50%的透过率,并且可以散射掉大部分波长为800nm的高能激光.器件由太赫兹频段吸收率很低的金刚石纳米颗粒和真空球磨得到的高阻硅颗粒组成,金刚石的高熔点提高了激光阈值,疏松多孔的结构进一步减少了太赫兹波段菲涅尔反射损失,器件整体性能优异.     

过模高功率太赫兹表面波振荡器优化设计

提出了一种新型过模高功率太赫兹表面波振荡器,其中慢波系统是由一段过模圆柱波导内壁沿圆周方向平行挖去若干个均匀环形槽构成,相邻槽间距固定不变.该结构较之传统的单模结构能有效降低管内电场强度,避免场击穿,提高系统的功率容量.同时,提出了一种基于表面波工作机制的综合选模方案,即通过电动力学结构选模及电子注参数选模相结合,使系统稳定工作于单模表面波状态,从而达到模式选择的目的.该方法能有效解决过模慢波系统内的模式竞争问题.利用2.5维粒子模拟程序UNIPIC对振荡器进行了物理设计和性能优化.得到了一套最优工作参数.在500 kV电子注电压、1.5 kA电子注电流条件下,模拟得到了42 MW的峰值功率输出,振荡频率高于0.14 THz,模式为TM01,信号的时域波形及频谱特性良好.     

Modeling of terahertz pulse generation from LT-GaAs ultrafast photoconductive switches

The technique of terahertz pulses generated from the photoconductive switches has been applied in the ultrafast electrical pulse metrology recently.A lumped-element theoretical model is established to describe the performance of the LT-GaAs ultrafast photoconductive switch used in the ultrafast pulse standard.The carrier transport processes of the photoexcited semiconductor,the attenuation and dispersion during terahertz pulse propagating are considered in the theoretical model.According to the experimental parameters,the waveforms of the generated terahertz pulses are calculated under optical excitations with different wavelengths of 840 nm and 450 nm,respectively.And comparisons between the theoretical results and the experimental results are carried out.     

Ultrafast optoelectronic technology for radio metrology applications

Ultrafast optoelectronic technology has been widely used in terahertz time domain spectrum, terahertz imaging technology, terahertz communication and so on, and great progress has been achieved in the past two decade. Recently, this innovative technology has been applied in radio metrology and supplied a potential and hopeful method to solve the existent challenges of calibration devices and equipments with bandwidth up to 100 GHz. This paper generally summarizes the emerging applications of the ultrafast optoelectronic technology in radio metrology. The main applications of this technology in calibrating broadband sampling oscilloscopes, the high-speed photodiodes and calibrating the electrical pulse generators are emphasized, and the testing of monolithic microwave integrated circuits is also presented.     

基于卷积神经网络的石英纤维复合材料损伤缺陷太赫兹智能识别

利用太赫兹时域光谱对石英纤维复合材料(quartz fiber reinforced polymer, QFRP)内部分层缺陷进行检测,通过搭建一维卷积神经网络模型,实现不同位置和不同深度损伤缺陷的准确识别,验证结果准确率在90%以上.根据识别结果构建复合材料的缺陷检测图像与实际太赫兹成像图结果一致,且具有高清晰度和对比度.太赫兹技术结合卷积神经网络能够实现非极性材料的智能识别.     

BST薄膜的制备工艺与太赫兹介电特性测试

经过多组对比实验,通过XRD、AFM、SEM等表征手段优化了BST薄膜的制备工艺。结合BST基薄膜器件的电极制备、微结构加工制备了太赫兹频段电可调的频率选择表面。通过太赫兹测试系统验证了在太赫兹频段BST薄膜的可调性,在电场作用下通带频率可以从0.85THz调节到0.87THz,结合仿真研究给出了确定铁电薄膜在THz频段介电参数的方法。相关研究可用于精确测定铁电薄膜在THz频段的介电特性,为铁电薄膜功能器件的研制提供精确的介电参数测试方法。