在钛阴极上电还原草酸制乙醛酸的电解工艺

本文报道在钛阴极上草酸还原制乙醛酸的电解工艺.测试结果表明:增加电解液中H~ 浓度,有助于乙醛酸的生成,主要表现为电能效率的提高;电解过程具有一适当电解周期;求得的乙醛酸理论分解电压E_d接近为一常数(-1.00v)。同时也探讨了乙醛酸分离的可行性。     

Coupling effect of the conductivities of Li ions and electrons by introducing LLTO@C fibers in the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode

To probe the coupling effect of the electron and Li ion conductivities in Ni-rich layered materials(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2,NCA),lithium lanthanum titanate(LLTO)nanofiber and carbon-coated LLTO fiber(LLTO@C)materials were introduced to polyvinylidene difluoride in a cathode.The enhancement of the conductivity was indicated by the suppressed impedance and polarization.At 1 and 5 C,the cathodes with coupling conductive paths had a more stable cycling performance.The coupling mechanism was analyzed based on the chemical state and structure evolution of NCA after cycling for 200 cycles at 5 C.In the pristine cathode,the propagation of lattice damaged regions,which consist of high-density edge-dislocation walls,destroyed the bulk integrity of NCA.In addition,the formation of a rock-salt phase on the surface of NCA caused a capacity loss.In contrast,in the LLTO@C modified cathode,although the formation of dislocation-driven atomic lattice broken regions and cation mixing occurred,they were limited to a scale of several atoms,which retarded the generation of the rock-salt phase and resulted in a pre-eminent capacity retention.Only NiO phase“pitting”occurred.A mechanism based on the synergistic transport of Li ions and electrons was proposed.     

悬挂式止水帷幕基坑降水引起坑外地面沉降计算方法

悬挂式止水帷幕的挡水效应能够减轻基坑降水对周边环境的影响,但帷幕插入深度与坑外地面沉降之间的定量关系尚不明确.本文基于有效应力原理,并根据渗流场和应力场的部分耦合关系,考虑地下水位下降引起的土体孔隙比和压缩指数变化,通过止水帷幕插入深度与水位降深的关系提出了不同止水帷幕插入深度下潜水含水层中基坑降水引起坑外地面沉降的计算方法.结合室内渗流模型箱试验对所提方法进行验证,结果表明地面沉降的试验监测结果与计算结果基本一致,从而为准确预测地面沉降和设计合理的止水帷幕插入深度提供了重要参考.     

锂离子电池LiNiO_2正极材料的高温固相合成①及其影响因素研究

采用高温固相法合成了LiNiO2,XRD确定了合成物的结构,用SEM表征LiNiO2粉体的形貌.探讨了反应条件:包括原材料、Li/Ni摩尔比、烧结气氛和温度对产物结构和性能的影响,从而优化了LiNiO2的合成工艺.在空气中合成只能得到Li2Ni8O10相,在O2中才能得到LiNiO2相,所得LiNiO2的电化学性能明显优于所得Li2Ni8O10.合成电化学性能良好的LiNiO2需要稍过量的锂和在氧气中600℃恒温3h,720℃恒温6h,合成过程中得预热处理,解决了低温下反应速度慢,高温下易于烧结而难于控制产物粒径的问题.分析了采用固相配位法合成LiNiO2失败的原因.     

传统活性污泥法污水厂增加脱氮功能的研究

我国现有的传统活性污泥法污水处理厂能去除COD和BOD等碳素污染物 ,而往往不具备脱氮能力 ,因此其出水是水体氮素的重要污染源 .介绍的在中试研究基础上的传统活性污泥法投料AO脱氮新工艺 ,能使传统活性污泥工艺在保持较高BOD和COD去除率的同时 ,具有良好的脱氮功能 .研究表明 ,新工艺中试运行稳定 ,出水水质优于国家排放标准 ,对COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为 88%和 73% .     

中温陶瓷燃料电池电解质与电极材料研究现状

对目前用作中温固体氧化物燃料电池的电解质材料和电极材料作了简要的综述。确定了今后的研究方向是以CeO2基和BaCeO3基电解质为主，并且研究与之相匹配的电极材料。     

PVDF与海藻酸钠黏结剂对石墨负极电化学性能的影响

应用循环伏安和恒电流充、放电等电化学方法,并结合微观测试技术对比了油性黏结剂（PVDF）和水性黏结剂（海藻酸钠）对石墨负极电化学嵌脱锂性能的影响．结果表明,黏结剂的种类对电极的电容、库效率、倍率充、放电性能以及电化学循环性能均有影响．     

近底泥沙通量的处理方法及适用性

为了正确理解悬沙运动方程底边界条件即近底泥沙通量的诸多处理方法的物理意义和适用性,避免泥沙理论分析和数值计算带来的偏差,归纳总结了近底泥沙通量的各种表达式,对它们的适用性和合理性进行分析.结果表明:以挟沙力、切应力、参考浓度或临界速度等方法处理近底泥沙通量,表达形式虽然多样,或将临界切应力换成对应的临界速度表示,或加入一些修正系数,但其物理本质不变,只是为了处理一些具体问题而做的简化或修正;挟沙力方法和切应力方法的经典形式用于描述近底泥沙通量更具一般性,这2种方法描述的物理过程有差别.     

Remobilization of heavy metals during the resuspension of Liangshui River sediments using an annular flume

The release and transport of heavy metals(Ni,Cr,Cu and Pb) from Liangshui River sediments into the overlying water column during the resuspension event were determined using an annular flume with a velocity ranging from 0.15 to 0.35 m/s.It is shown that the suspended particulate matters(SPM) increased as much as nearly 25 times from 165 to 4220 mg/L as the velocity increased.Heavy metals showed an increase in dissolved phase as the velocity increased due to their desorption from the SPM.Acid-soluble heavy metals increased as the velocity increased,indicating that part of the heavy metals transformed from stable phase to labile phase during resuspension.Heavy metal concentrations in the SPM on volume normalization increased by approximately 2-6 times.However,on the mass weighted basis they decreased,approaching the bulk-sediment contents at high velocity,due to the "particle concentration effect".The distribution coefficients(K D) of heavy metals were higher at slower velocity during the sediment resuspension,which could be attributed to the decrease of fine particles(silt/clay fraction) during resuspension.     

Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co（1/3-x/3）Mn1/3Cex/3O2 cathode materials for use in lithium ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and solid phase synthesis and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the resultant cathode materials with different Ce content all had a good layer structure and high crystallinity.Electrochemical performance testing of the cathode materials showed that the discharge capacity increased with increasing Ce content while the initial reversible capacity attenuation decreased with Ce doping.When the Ce content of the cathode materials is x=0.2,and the current charge and discharge rate is a constant 0.2 C,the discharge capacity maintained 91% of its initial capacity after cycling 50 times.