45 ℃ Na2SO4-MgSO4-H2O三元水盐体系相平衡研究

利用湿固相法研究了Na2SO4-MgSO4-H2O三元水盐体系在45℃时的固液相平衡关系。采用等温法测定了该体系的溶解度数据,并绘制了相图。结果表明,该体系在45℃时的相图存在5个区域,即纯Na2SO4的结晶区、Na2SO4和复盐Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O的结晶区、复盐Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O的结晶区、复盐Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O和MgSO4.7H2O的结晶区、MgSO4.7H2O的结晶区。     

用硫酸铁和阳离子树脂复合催化剂合成草酸二丁酯

以草酸和正丁醇为原料,用硫酸铁和强酸型阳离子交换树脂复合催化剂合成草酸二丁酯,考察了影响反应的因素．实验结果表明,酯化反应最佳条件为草酸和正丁醇摩尔比为1：3、催化剂的用量为1．1g／O．1mol草酸、反应时间60min、带水剂环己烷22mL,此条件下草酸二丁酯收率可达94．1％．     

口服茯苓多糖硫酸酯前体脂质体的制备及其抗凝血活性研究

茯苓多糖硫酸酯(Pachyman Sulfate,PS)具有和肝素相似的抗凝血活性和机制,研制PS口服制剂意义显著.以氯磺酸-吡啶法制备PS,以海藻糖为载体、薄膜蒸发法制备PS前体脂质体口服制剂,并初步研究其抗凝血活性.PS得率97%,硫酸根取代度3,重均分子量9 978 Da;PS前体脂质体为乳白色粉末,重建脂质体为球状或近球状小囊泡,形态完整,粒径较均匀,有效粒径分布范围在0.7~1.4μm之间,多分散指数小于0.4,zeta电位小于-25 mV,分散性好.重建载药脂质体包封率为20.3%,大鼠口服重建载药脂质体后凝血时间延长率达46%,且有统计学意义.重建空白脂质体有助于PS的口服吸收,且脂质体包封PS后吸收效果更好.     

稀释体系气溶胶粒子近壁动力特性及壁面影响

以极端稀释气溶胶体系中单个粒子为研究对象,建立了考虑受重力浮升力、表面势力和布朗热动力作用的运动控制方程,运用布朗动力学方法数值模拟了近壁处气溶胶粒子的动力特性规律. 结果表明,壁面之上一定范围内(约50个气溶胶粒子半径)存在一个壁面影响区,区域中气溶胶粒子的动力特性有别于无界大空间中的气溶胶粒子,且其厚度远大于壁面对粒子作用力的范围(约1个粒子半径). 最后讨论了不同表面特性、不同粒子半径时壁面影响区的变化规律.     

Identification of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene in aerosol and its environmental implication

Acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene in aromatic fraction of aerosols were identified by means of online hydrogenation gas chromatography mass spectrometry（GCMS）. Compared aerosols from vari-ous sources, acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene were ubiquitously present in urban aerosol. High concentration of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene were found in agricultural biomass and coal combustion particles. However, it is difficult to detect in exhaust from gasoline and diesel engine, dustfall, waste water, soil, and sediment. Combustion emissions were considered the major source of acephenanthrylene and aceanthrylene, which can be used as a potential molecular marker for the source pollution in urban aerosols.     

微波辐射下硫酸铁催化合成乙酸环己酯

在微波辐射下,以水合硫酸铁作催化剂,快速合成了乙酸环己酯,确定了酯化的最佳条件.实验结果表明,最佳酯化条件为：微波功率640 W,醇酸物质的量比1.4∶1,带水剂用量6 mL,催化剂用量1.0 g,反应时间30 min.在最佳条件下酯化率（以乙酸计）可达91.6%.     

对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯的硫酸钛催化反应研究

采用硫酸钛作催化剂,以对叔丁基苯甲酸和甲醇为原料直接酯化,对对叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯的合成工艺进行了研究,着重考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、带水剂用量等因素对反应收率的影响,并优化反应条件。当甲醇与对叔丁基苯甲酸的摩尔比为8∶1时,在催化剂硫酸钛(用量为对叔丁基苯甲酸的20%)作用下,加入带水剂苯12 mL,于回流温度下反应6h,产品收率可达86.6%。     

乙醇-水-硫酸亚铁铵三元体系相图研究

对硫酸亚铁铵制备实验原理做了进一步探讨,应用溶解度法绘制了26℃时乙醇-水-硫酸亚铁铵相图,并与硫酸亚铁铵、绿矾、硫酸铵在水中的溶解度曲线图做比较,以便大家更好地理解实验原理.     

铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块中有价组分的回收

铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块是铝电解生产最大宗的固体废弃物,并且是含氟量极高的危险固体废料,严重污染周围的环境.采用水洗—化学浸出—煅烧工艺回收铝电解槽废旧阴极炭块中的氟化物和碳粉,采用硫酸铝溶液浸出废旧阴极炭块,实验得到适宜的浸出条件为25℃浸出24h,碳的回收率达到88%,最终产物碳的纯度从61.3%提高到89.6%.考察了溶液温度、溶液pH值和时间与氟回收率之间的关系,浸出溶液中氟化物以Al₂((OH)_0.46F_0.54)₆H₂O和Na₅Al₃F₁₄形式析出,回收的最佳条件为溶液温度90℃,pH值为5.5,180min得到氟离子回收率最大为99.7%,高温煅烧后所得产品为AlF₃和Na₅Al₃F₁₄.     

Aerosol oxalate and its implication to haze pollution in Shanghai, China

A total of 238 samples of PM2.5and TSP were analyzed to study the characteristics,sources,and formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai in four seasons of 2007.The concentrations of oxalate were0.07–0.41 lg/m3in PM2.5and 0.10–0.48 lg/m3in TSP,respectively.Oxalate displayed a seasonal variation of autumn[summer[winter[spring in both PM2.5and TSP and was dominantly present in PM2.5in all samples.Correlation between oxalate and K?and high ratio of oxalate/K?suggested that biomass burning was a secondary source of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,in addition to urban VOCs sources(vehicular and industrial emissions),especially in autumn.Secondary formation accounted for the majority of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nssSO42-,K?and NO3-,proceeding from different mechanisms.Relatively high ambient RH together with high cloud cover was found benefiting the secondary formation of aerosol oxalate.The in-cloud process(aqueous-phase oxidation)was proposed to be likely the major formation pathway of aerosol oxalate in Shanghai,which was supported by the high correlation of oxalate with nss-SO42-and K?,dominant residence of oxalate in droplet mode and result of favorable meteorological condition analysis.High correlation of oxalate and NO3-reflected the OH radical involved oxidation chemistry of the two species in the atmosphere and also suggested that gas-particle surface reactions and the evaporation–condensation process were both possible secondary formation pathways of aerosol oxalate in coarser particle mode([1.0 lm).As a major water-soluble organic compound in aerosols,concentration of oxalate showed a distinct negative correlation to the atmospheric visibility,which implied that aerosol organic compounds could play an important role in haze pollution as well as in air quality in Shanghai.