基于编队卫星的SAR高方位向分辨率成像

针对编队卫星被动工作方式下提高SAR方位向分辨率的构型,在建立信号回波模型和详细分析提高方位向分辨率原理的基础上,提出了对基线的要求及频谱合成算法。该算法充分利用了编队卫星SAR系统中不同接收机的视角信息,有效地完成了多组不同多普勒位置的信号相干合成,实现了系统分辨率的提高。计算机仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的性能。     

基于人工神经网络的云自动检测算法

为实现卫星观测数据的高效云自动检测技术,提出了基于人工神经网络的云检测方法,并针对中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的观测数据建立了BP神经网络模型,给出了算法的应用实例.通过实例分析表明,基于人工神经网络的云检测算法具有良好的时空适应性,检测效果较好,检测速度快,具有业务实用价值.     

双能量摄影胸片图像的小波融合方法

根据双能量摄影胸片图像的各自特点，采用一种新的基于小波能量尺度分析算法，有效实现了基于像素级的多模图像融合。通过对同一病人双能量摄影下的胸片图像的实际应用，表明基于该方法的医学图像融合方法能有效地集中原始多源图像的优点信息，融合图像较清晰且方法简单、实用，并可用于其他图像融合处理上。     

2004年第6卷总目次

The signals of strain gauge transducers are very small. In consequence, error signals can even exceed the measuring signal amplitudes and therefore must be suppressed by sophisticated measuring circuits. There are absolute physical limits for the resolution of strain gauge transducer signals and the carrier frequency technique can get very close to the boundary of theoretically achievable maximum resolution. Very high gain stability can be achieved with very precise inductive dividers as reference signal sources and with auto-calibration cycles. Realisations of the philosophy are shown for high-precision static measuring units and for universal broadband amplifier systems.     

全球参考站网窄巷非校准相位延迟

窄巷非校准相位延迟（UPD）产品的质量和可用性是影响精密单点定位模糊度固定（PPPAR）效率的重要因素.采用全球108个国际GPS服务（International GPS Service,IGS）测站观测数据,计算了基于全球参考站网的窄巷UPD产品,分析了窄巷UPD产品的变化特性,其单日变化量最大可达0.6周.通过分析UPD改正后的模糊度残差,论证了UPD产品和用户端模糊度均受到因未被恰当模型化而造成的残余误差的影响,且UPD的时变特性与各参考站残余系统误差有关.最后,采用4个用户站进行PPPAR实验分析UPD产品的可用性,以模糊度固定失败率、固定错误率和首次固定时间为评估指标,结果表明,全球参考站网窄巷UPD产品的最佳使用时限不大于30 min.     

基于中英文可比较语料的中文零指代消解

针对中文篇章中的零指代问题,提出一种基于中英文可比较语料进行中文零指代识别和消解的方法,并提出英文对等句的概念。利用对等句,重新定义句子间隔,并引入双语词对齐特征。在基准平台基础上,从零指代项识别和零指代项消解两个方面进行研究。在Onto Notes5.0语料上的实验结果表明,与目前性能最好的系统相比,新提出的基于中英对等语料的中文零指代方法取得更好的性能。     

一种基于样本块的图像超分辨率方法研究

提出了一种在马尔科夫网络框架下基于样本块的图像超分辨率算法。算法根据相似性选取多个样本块作为图像重建的候选,在候选集中计算图像块先验概率和图像块之间的相容性,最后在马尔科夫框架下选取最优图像块,合成最终的高分辨率图像。实验证明本文提出的算法具有较好的超分辨率效果。     

A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

分布式雷达超分辨成像的MUSIC方法

多重信号分类(MUSIC)方法已在单基地雷达的超分辨成像中得到较广泛的研究,然而将该方法直接应用到双/多基地形式的分布式雷达超分辨成像上,则会面临收发分置带来的散射信息解相关和波数相位分解等问题.为此利用三维空间平滑和双重线性插值对MUSIC方法进行了改进,给出了分布式雷达超分辨成像的最小信噪比显式表达及其快速计算公式,并据此分析了超分辨成像性能.仿真结果验证了这种基于收发分置形式的MUSIC超分辨成像方法的有效性.     

核反应堆压力容器模拟钢中纳米富Cu相的变形特征

提高了Cu含量的核反应堆压力容器(reactor pressure vessel,RPV)模拟钢样品,经过880 cC水淬、660℃调质处理和400℃1000～4000 h的等温时效处理,观察到纳米富Cu相的析出;随后进行20%～30%冷轧变形,采用萃取复型(extractionreplica,ER)和高分辨透射电镜(high resolution transmission electron microscopy,HRTEM)的方法研究纳米富Cu相的变形特征.研究结果表明,镶嵌在α-Fe基体中的纳米富Cu相,在冷轧变形时的变形机制较为复杂,存在多种变形方式.当纳米富Cu相的晶体处于有利取向时,可以跟随基体一起发生滑移变形,表现为"软"颗粒的特性;当晶体处于不利取向时,会发生孪生变形,甚至诱发马氏体相变,有时生成"轮毂辐条"状的孪晶结构,大大提高了纳米富Cu相继续变形时的抗力,表现为"硬"颗粒的特征,因而析出纳米富Cu相会产生明显的强化作用.