An Empirical Study of Effects of Chinese Government＇s Tax Revenue and Expenditure on Its GDP＇s Growth

Public spending is a major policy tool for the government to adjust the macro economic progress. This paper characterizes the effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on Chinese economy growth since 1978. It does so by using a mixed structural VAR （SVAR） approach. Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and spending to identify automatic and discretionary response, and by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effects.     

A NEW DESCRIPA NEW DESCRIPTOR OF AMINO ACIDS BASED ON THE THREEDIMENSIONAL VECTOR OF ATOMIC INTERACTION FIELD

QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (QSAR) IS A VERY IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR MANY SCIENTIFIC FIELDS AND CAN BE TERMED AS QUANTITATIVE SEQUENCE ACTIVITY MODELS(QSAM)[1] WHEN REFERRED TO THE RESEARCH ON RELATION- SHIPS BETWEEN STRUCTURES AND ACTIVITIES OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES, SUCH AS PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS. HOW- EVER, IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO ESTABLISH A QSAM MODEL,…     

识别混凝土板内部缺陷的人工神经网络算法

以一维有缺陷混凝土板为研究对象，分别采用Leverberg-Marcluardt和径向基神经网络算法，对缺陷的深度与厚度进行识别，从而实现对混凝土板内部缺陷的三维重构，称为红外CT模拟．两类神经网络算法的识别结果表明：Leverberg-Marcluardt神经网络较径向基神经网络具有更好的收敛精度与计算效率．     

多维函数全局寻优的团队进步算法

通过模仿团队进步需要的学习、探索行为和成员更新规则,提出了一种新颖的双群体演化算法,称为团队进步算法(TPA).算法将一个团队的成员分为精英和普通组,建立了两组的学习样板,定义了学习和探索运算,并合理设定了成员更新规则.两组成员在搜索过程中出现了明显分工,使算法兼备了全局搜索、局部搜索和定向搜索的能力.数值试验结果验证了新算法具有实现简单、全局寻优成功率高、收敛快、计算量少、坚韧性强和参数选择相对容易等特性,对解决优化应用问题具有较大的价值.     

现代图书馆数字资源质量评价体系初探

介绍了数字资源的概念及其特点,探讨了数字资源质量的评价体系的指标。     

绿洲-荒漠生态系统演化因素及其非线性探讨——以新疆为例

对立统一于干旱区的绿洲—荒漠生态系统在降水等自然因素和人类活动等人为因素的影响下不断进行着演化.从长期看,这一演化过程具有不可预测性,短期内却有细微可预见性.现如今在绿洲扩展同时,荒漠也在扩展,整体趋势仍是荒漠在扩展.为维持绿洲的稳定性,促使绿洲—荒漠系统处于一种稳定的发展趋势,本文从分析绿洲-荒漠这对对立统一的生态系统入手,在探讨引起这对生态系统演化的自然因素和人为因素的基础上,确定了自然因素中的降水和人为因素中的政府调控行为为演化的主导因素,初步探索了促使这对生态系统统演化的主导因素作用所具有的非线性关系,这对维持绿洲的稳定性,抑制荒漠扩展有一定的实际意义.     

两种蛙科无尾类的核型

腹斑倭蛙：2n=26(16M 1-SM),NF=52,除Nos,2,3,4,6,9等五对为SM外，其余诸对均为M，次缢痕位于8q，威宁蛙2n=26(18M 8SM),NF=52,除Mos,3,4,6,7 等四对为SM外，其余各对为M，次缢痕出现在1q和7q两处，前者频率较高，根据相对长度，臂比值和次缢痕的位置和数目讨论了蛙亚科的核型演化机制，推断可能是相互易位和臂间倒位为主。     

世界文化史上的五种科学思维模式

思想方法的更新是人类进步的重要标志之一。对这种标志的认识,在哲学史和文化史研究中通常不被人们所重视。人类思想史上最鲜明、最有意义的科学思维模式,主要表现为本文论及的五种类型,这些思维模式的互补与进步,是东西方文明相互推进的内在标志;对它们的研究和探讨,是把握先进文化前进方向的重要前提。     

Improving the thermal stability of lactate oxidase by directed evolution

Lactate oxidase is used in biosensors to measure the concentration of lactate in the blood and other body fluids. Increasing the thermostability of lactate oxidase can significantly prolong the lifetime of these biosensors. We have previously obtained a variant of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans with two mutations (E160G/V198I) that is significantly more thermostable than the wild-type enzyme. Here we have attempted to further improve the thermostability of E160G/V198I lactate oxidase using directed evolution. We made a mutant lactate oxidase gene library by applying error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, and screened for thermostable mutant lactate oxidase using a plate-based assay. After three rounds of screening we obtained a thermostable mutant lactate oxidase, which has six mutations (E160G/V198I/G36S/T103S/A232S/F277Y). The half-life of this lactate oxidase at 70 °C was about 2 times that of E160G/V198I and about 36 times that of the wild-type enzyme. The amino acid mutation process suggests that the combined neutral mutations are important in protein evolution. Received 15 September 2006; received after revision 21 October 2006; accepted 2 November 2006     

一些非线性发展方程的周期解

利用辅助椭圆方程给出了求解非线性发展方程的精确周期解的一种代数方法，借助计算机的符号计算，求得了mKdV方程和非线性Klein-Gordon方程的多种精确周期解，这些解包括了已有的用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法所求得的周期解．在极限情形下，退化为相应的孤立波解或冲击波解．