化学气相浸渗反应器内气体流场的数值模拟

控制化学气相浸渗(CVI)反应器内的反应气体流场是获得理想沉积物的关键技术之一, 通过建立质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒和化学反应守恒4个微分方程及其边界条件, 采用有限单元法对CVI反应器中复杂且不可观察的气体流场进行数值计算. 数值计算结果表明, 喷嘴形状及其与衬底相对位置对流场形貌有显著影响. 采用π/6的斜口喷嘴, 并使其中心轴线与通过它和圆柱形衬底交点切线的夹角为π/6时, 反应器内基本消除了回流.     

暴雨选样间的频率转换问题探讨

为了解决工程设计与实际资料统计之间存在的矛盾,寻求不同选样之间的频率转换方法,对年多个样法与年最大值法之间3种次频率与年频率之间的转换关系式进行了分析.实例计算表明,当暴雨分布服从P -Ⅲ型时,模型1是可行的     

孟湾风暴合成分析及其中尺度特征

 通过对影响中国低纬高原的8个孟湾风暴个例的综合分析,发现在不同强度不同位置的孟湾风暴和不同的环流背景影响下,低纬高原的降水具有明显的不同,其主要取决于孟湾风暴、副高和南支槽的位置和强度.在孟湾风暴影响中国低纬高原的强降水过程中,中尺度扰动起着非常重要的直接作用.     

地球磁场起源的3条定律——纪念A. Einstein逝世50年

 从地球磁暴源探讨中,提出了一个地磁起源新观点,并将它总结成地球磁场起源的3条定律.     

Speciation of the elements and compositions on the surfaces of dust storm particles： The evidence for the coupling of iron with sulfur in aerosol during the long-range transport

The speciation of the elements on the surface of the particles collected during dust storm and non-dust storm in Beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied by XPS. The major species of iron on the surface were oxides, sulfate, silicate,FeOOH and minor part sorbed on SiO2/Al2O3. Sulfate is the dominant species of sulfur on the surface. SiO2 and Al2O3 are the main components of Si and Al on the surface respectively.One of the most important findings was that the Fe(Ⅱ) (FeS and FeSO4) produced could account for up to 44.3% and 45.6% of the total Fe on the surface in the aerosol sample collected at that night and next day of the “peak” time of the dust storm occurring on March 20, 2002, while Fe2(SO4)3,one of the Fe(Ⅲ) species on the surface decreased from 67.1% to 49.5% and 48.0% respectively. Both S and Fe enriched on the surface of aerosol particles. Fe(Ⅱ) accounted for 1.3%-5.3% of total Fe in bulk aerosol samples during dust storm. These results provided strong evidence to support the hypothesis of the coupling between iron and sulfur in aerosols during the long-range transport, which would have important impact on the global biogeochemical cycle.     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays using ethanol in porous anodic aluminum oxide template

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays confined by porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template were synthesized using ethanol as reactant carbon source at low pressure. Images by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and low magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that these CNTs have highly uniform outer diameter and length, absolutely controlled by the diameter and depth of nano-channel arrays of the AAO. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging indicates that the graphitization of the CNT walls is better than the results reported on this kind of template-based CNT arrays, although it is not so good as that of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by catalysis. CNTs synthesized using acetylene as reactant gas show much less graphitization than those prepared using ethanol by comparing the results of HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. The etchingeffects of decomposed OH radicals on the amorphous carbon and the roughness of AAO nano-channel arrays on the CNTs growth were employed to explain the graphitization and growth of the CNTs.     

Electroless Plating of Thin Silver Films on Porous Al2O3 Substrate and the Study of Deposition Kinetics

A novel concept has been developed to coat the inner pore surfaces of reticulated alumina with a thin silver film by an electroless-plating method. As a result of coating, the porous alumina sample exhibits a sharp transition from insulating to conducting due to a thin silver layer on the inner pore surfaces. Systematic studies have been carried out to investigate the coating kinetics by employment of scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and computer simulation. Both coating procedures and effects of processing parameters on the quality of films are reported. Also, this paper presents the film bonding strength to the substrate, effects of sintering, and conduction mechanism of coated composite. The fundamental silver electroless-plating mechanism has been identified based on computer modeling. The simulation results indicate an excellent agreement between the silver deposition behavior and the physical model applied.     

Synthesis of highly ordered SnO2／Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays by electrophoretic deposition method

Highly ordered SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays have been synthesized by electrophoretic deposition method. The morphology and chemical composition of SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays are characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD. The results show that the SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are about 180 nm in width and tens of microns in length, and they are composed of small nanoparticles of tetraganal SnO2 and rhombohedral α-Fe203 with diameters of 10-15nm. The SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are formed by a series of chemical reactions.     

中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展

震积岩是在地层中具有古地震事件记录的岩层,对其进行研究可为地壳构造演化提供动力学解释。目前国内外学者对震积岩的研究主要集中在古生代以前的海相地层。对中国在海相和陆相地层的震积岩与震积作用、地震-海啸序列、碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列、震积岩与震积不整合序列、萨布哈震积岩序列以及中生代陆相地层中碎屑岩原地系统的地震液化序列等方面的研究成果进行了综述。对惠民凹陷古近纪陆相碎屑岩地层的研究结果表明,该区发育微同沉积断裂和震裂缝、卷曲变形构造、水下岩脉和泄水构造、震积枕状及伴生构造等典型的地震成因变形构造。震积岩垂向序列自下而上为:A段为下伏未震层,B段为微同沉积断裂层,C段为微褶皱变形层,D段为枕状及伴生构造层,E段为液化均一层,F段为上覆未震层。深入开展新生代陆相断陷湖盆震积作用和震积岩研究,能为盆地构造演化提供动力学解释,如果能与岩性、成岩作用史、孔隙演化史相匹配研究震积岩,将具有一定的石油地质意义。     

大理盆地隐仙溪河道沉积物粒度分布特征

通过单人系统取样,用筛析法对云南大理盆地隐仙溪河道沉积物进行了粒度分析。结果表明,河流上游以砾石沉积为主,平均质量分数(含量)达57.92%以上,砾石粒径以10～50cm为主,在砂质沉积物中以粗砂为主,其含量达28 35%,中细砂含量只有13.76%;河流中游虽然也以砾石沉积为主,但砾石粒径明显变小,以5～10cm为主;河流下游则以砂质沉积物为主,其中中砂、细砂和粉砂总含量高达77.64%,尤其是细砂和粉砂含量显著升高,分别达到27.96%和32.26%,而粗砂和砾石含量明显降低。不同河段沉积物粒度及其含量的变化主要受水动力条件、地形坡度和搬运距离控制,但搬运距离与沉积物粒度之间不存在简单的线性对应关系。