不锈钢钢筋混凝土的应用及发展

基于对不锈钢钢筋化学成分及物理力学性能的介绍,结合有关不锈钢钢筋混凝土的研究成果与工程应用实例,总结了不锈钢钢筋混凝土的特性,并对应用不锈钢钢筋混凝土的工程造价进行了分析,同时介绍了合理使用不锈钢钢筋的一些建议,最后提出了不锈钢钢筋混凝土研究中存在的问题及其发展方向。     

增减材复合制造WC颗粒增强316L不锈钢材料组织性能

基于自主研发的增减材复合工艺技术与装备，探索了激光功率和WC颗粒质量分数对316L不锈钢复合材料致密度、组织演变和表面耐磨性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着WC质量分数的增加，试样致密度呈现先升高后降低的趋势，而硬度和耐磨性能均逐渐提高，过多的WC颗粒会使工件内部产生热裂纹，同时降低了工件的表面质量；当激光功率由270W提高到330W时粉末充分熔化，凝固后未熔合缺陷明显减少.当WC颗粒质量分数为5%、激光功率为330W时，增材件的致密度最高达到99.6%；相比未添加WC颗粒的工件，力学性能、耐磨性能和表面质量等指标均有明显提高.     

Influence of parameters on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel joint welded by a GMAW welding process

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used in industry for their desirable properties. Any fusion welding technique modifies the microstructure and, consequently, the properties of the material. This paper presents a parametric study of the variables that determine the energy contribution (current, voltage and welding speed) and the structural modifications produced during gas metal arc welding. The analysis comprises metallographic study, phase balance, dimensioning of the weld beads and tensile and hardness tests. The influence of the variables studied on the thermal cycles obtained (temperatures reached and cooling rate) was determined by using a finite element model. The results showed that, in addition to the indicated parameters, the parameter power transfer per volume (W/m³) and the geometry in the bead must be controlled due to their influence on the heat flow distribution and phase balance.     

Enhanced fatigue property by fabricating a gradient nanostructured surface layer in a reduced-activation steel

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels have been selected as candidate structural materials for future advanced nuclear power systems. In the present work, the influence of a gradient nanograined surface layer on the fatigue properties of RAFM steels was studied. A gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer with a thickness of ～85 ?μm was prepared on RAFM steel utilizing surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The mean grain size was approximate 43 ?nm at the topmost surface and increased gradually with depth. The results of the stress-controlled tension-compression fatigue experiments showed that the fatigue life enhanced approximately 6 times in the SMRT samples compared to the corresponding base metal counterparts. The relationship between the applied stress amplitude and the fatigue lifetime, and the fracture morphology showed that the surface strengthening and strain delocalization were caused by GNS, which suppressed surface crack initiation process, and hence the fatigue properties of RAFM steels improved. In addition, the deformation compatibility in GNS and coarse-grained boundaries leading to more dislocation interactions and accumulation during the cyclic process, also plays a crucial role in enhancing the fatigue properties of RAFM steel.     

晶界工程处理对304奥氏体不锈钢力学性能的影响

晶界工程是改善晶界特性以提高抗晶间退化能力的一种可行方法，能有效提高Σ重位点阵晶界的比例。研究基于304奥氏体不锈钢，通过控制不同的热机械加工工艺，以获得更高的Σ重位点阵晶界，优化晶界特征分布，利用电子背散射衍射技术分析不同样品的微观结构，通过室温拉伸试验研究晶界类型对304型奥氏体不锈钢力学性能的影响。结果表明，经过晶界工程处理的样品，其伸长率能得到一定程度的提升。分析断口微观形貌、平均施密特因子、泰勒因子得出，晶界工程处理能使得304奥氏体不锈钢基体内的第二相杂质减少、微观区域应变分布更均匀、滑移系统的激活过程更容易发生。     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能，被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂，316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下，易发生应力腐蚀开裂，导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律，总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上，针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素，综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面，改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后，基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题，从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。