The occurrence and significance of C25HBI in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China

The saline lacustrine deposit of the Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation is the main source rock for the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China.In this study,abundant highly branched isoprenoids with 25 carbon atoms (C25HBI) were detected in the upper section of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation.C25HBI is a biomarker for diatoms,and can provide information regarding biogeochemical processes during production and preservation of sedimentary organic matter.The carbon isotopic values of C25HBI in these source rocks were in the range of-18‰ to-20‰.The relative enrichment in 13C of C25HBI suggests that these isoprenoids were derived from diatom blooms.In this case,the diatoms used HCO3-as an additional carbon source to dissolved CO2 in water column due to their high biological productivity.Conversely,the diatom blooms indicated an abundant nutrient supply to the environment and high primary productivity.Thus,the occurrence of 13C-enriched C25HBI could be an ideal marker for good source rocks.The decreased concentration of CO2(aq) in the water column induced by diatom blooms can result in an enrichment in 13C of organic matter synthesized by primary producers.This may be a possible reason for the occurrence of 13C-enriched organic matter in the Cenozoic source rocks of the Western Qaidam Basin.Previous studies have shown that the high carbon number n-alkanes sourced from diatoms have no carbon preference.Hence,the sources of n-alkanes in regional source rocks are complex,and should be considered when discussing the sources of organic matter in future studies.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

方柱微结构芯片射流冲击流动沸腾换热实验研究

对喷射条件下的电子芯片在FC-72中的流动沸腾换热进行了研究,并和同工况下的光滑芯片作了对比.实验选取的工况如下:过冷度为25、35℃;横流速度Vc为0.5、1、1.5m/s;喷射速度Vj为0、1、2m/s.实验采用的硅片尺寸为10mm×10mm×0.5mm,通过干腐蚀技术在其表面加工出30μm×120μm、50μm×120μm的方柱微结构.实验表明,所有芯片的换热性能都随过冷度和流速的增加而提高,方柱微结构能明显地强化芯片换热,而射流冲击进一步提高了芯片在高热流密度下的换热性能.同一横流速度下,喷射速度越大,换热性能越好,尤其是Vc=0.5m/s、Vj=2m/s时,强化效果最显著.随着横流速度的增加,射流冲击的强化效果减弱,临界热流密度值增幅减小.     

关于典型直流燃烧器及其应用的探讨

布置在煤粉炉炉膛器角或其附近的直流煤粉燃烧器,气流射向炉膛中的假想切圆,在炉膛中合起来形成火焰圈,向上汇集成略有旋转的上升火焰。例如典型的水平浓淡燃烧器、开缝钝体燃烧器、稳燃腔燃烧器、带大速差射流的双一次风道燃烧器、富集型燃烧器、多功能船形燃烧器、双稳可调浓淡燃烧器已在我国火力发电厂中广泛应用,而且各电厂在实践中进行了技术改进,使这些典型的直流式燃烧器更趋完善。     

指数稳定双系统同时近似可观测的充分条件

利用指数稳定半群生成元的谱理论,得到了判断指数稳定双系统在[0,∞)同时近似可观测的充分条件.{z1(t)=A1z1(t),z1(0)=x1,y1(t)=C1z1(t)2(t)=A2z2(t),z2(0)=x2,y2(t)=C2z2(t)     

关于非线性离散随机系统的稳定性

通过极限方程理论,利用极限解的性质,给出了非线性时变离散时间随机系统上的一致全局渐近均方稳定的性质,它是在弱零状态检测和有界输出函数的假设条件基础上推出的.     

水力喷射压裂技术在薄层底水油藏中的应用

常规压裂技术是一种传统的油井增产工艺技术;水力喷射压裂技术是一种集射孔、压裂、隔离为一体的新型增产工艺技术,具有穿透性强、伤害低、孔径大、定向准的特点,是油田油井储层改造的新技术。分析水力喷射压裂技术的基本原理、适用条件、技术特点及施工工艺等,通过对梁7-01和梁45-01等五口井的水力喷射压裂现场试验,结果表明可以在薄层底水油藏中应用且增产效果明显。     

稳定核素线性7核素的分布

在坐标单位是氘氚结团的正方形核素图中分析了稳定核素区线性7核分布.稳定区的下、中、上区域中各有7列线性7核,这些核素列的分布具有系统性.跨区域的3类参量S-2H,3S-2H,3S-H的核素列各有3列的始点联系在坐标S轴上,这些点在S轴上排列成(10,0),(12,0),…,(26,0)的9个坐标.通过坐标变换可看出下区的系列7核素列随参量逐层分布.     

依坐标H=N-Z分布的稳定核素四边形区

在坐标为S=2Z-N、H=N-Z核素图中,讨论了坐标参量的物理意义及依坐标H常数列分布的8个稳定核素四边形区.它们分别是在坐标H16～26的一个有6×6种核素的正方形区,坐标H≤16的3个斜平行四边形,坐标H26～44的3个矩形区与最上边的小梯形.这些核素分布包含了稳定区23列偶坐标H列的大部分偶偶核素.最后研究了四边形内部核素个数的分布规律.     

牙轮钻头自激振荡脉冲喷嘴的实验研究

在理论和实验研究的基础上,设计了几种用于牙轮钻头的自激振荡脉冲喷嘴,在常压下进行了射流脉冲压力测试和冲蚀天然红砂岩的实验。实验结果表明,所设计的风琴管自激脉冲喷嘴和亥姆霍兹振荡腔脉冲喷嘴具有很强的脉冲效果,其冲蚀岩石能力大大高于普通锥形喷嘴,其中风琴管自激脉冲喷嘴的脉冲效果和破岩能力最强。实验还表明,自激振荡脉冲喷嘴射流存在最优喷距,最优喷距的大小为喷嘴出口直径的7～14倍。自激振荡脉冲喷嘴可直接应用在钻头上,能提高钻井速度,降低钻井成本。