Natural history of the marsupial Thylamys macrurus (Mammalia,Didelphidae) in fragments of savannah in southwestern Brazil

The objective of this study was to furnish information on the natural history of the Neotropical marsupial Thylamys macrurus in the southern Cerrado of Brazil. A range expansion of the species was observed to the northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Specimens were surveyed in fragments of savannah (40–600 ha) during dry and wet seasons in 2003 and 2004 with live‐trap grids and pitfall lines. With an effort of 9767 trap nights and 2200 pitfall nights, we obtained 102 captures and 49 recaptures of T. macrurus. The data analyzed (57 males and 40 females) showed that males are more abundant in the dry season and females in the wet season. Young were recorded mostly during the wet season. Thylamys macrurus was scansorial, using the floor and the understorey. Sexual dimorphism was recorded, with males being larger than females. Information on ectoparasites is supplied.     

浅谈图书馆读者阅读活动中的性别差异

通过对阅读内容偏好和阅读习惯差异的观察与调查,分析了性别差异对图书馆读者借阅活动的影响,从读者阅读活动中的性别差异出发,对改善图书馆的工作提出了一些建设性意见。     

Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio)

A study aimed at testing the contested validity of the subspecies Laudakia stellio daani yielded novel insights into the essence of subspecies. We examined morphologically museum specimens from Greece, Aegean islands, and Anatolia (n?=?118; not all could be used in all analyses). Beyond the conventional mensural, meristic and qualitative characters we quantified 14 coloration characters, thus totalling 34 characters (including sex). Biometry was statistically analysed within and between the two geographically defined presumed subspecies, L. s. daani and L. s. stellio. Excluding or including broken‐tailed specimens changed the outcome of tests. Significant minor directional asymmetry occurred in one of four character‐taxon combinations. Phenetic cluster analysis poorly separated the two presumed subspecies when all characters, including those with discordant variation, were included; after selection of characters, the separation improved. Some biometric characters distinguish the two presumed subspecies, confirming their validity. The associations of significant inter‐character correlations differed between the two subspecies. Additionally, the two differed in parameters reflecting selection pressures and social structure: L. s. stellio is more colourful than L. s. daani; its sexual dimorphism is mainly chromatic, versus mensural in L. s. daani; and its population seems to include many males with underdeveloped callous scales, presumably socially subordinate, versus very few in L. s. daani.     

论明清艳情小说中的情欲

明清艳情小说的繁荣与发展是我国古代文学史上一个奇异现象。考察这一时期艳情小说的发展概貌及所透露的性爱观念、文化内涵、审美价值不仅能折射出当时社会欲与理的冲突现实，更能从中窥见男权社会秩序下性描写的象征意义，发现“欲”的独特价值。     

中国石龙子头、体大小的性二态

本文研究中国石龙子（Ｅｕｍｅｃｅｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）头、体大小的性二态。成雄体长和体重略大于成雌，但在统计上无明显差异。雌雄亚成体相对头长，相对头宽和相对头高无显著差异。成雄相对头长、相对头宽和相对头高显著大于成雌和亚成体。亚成体相对头长、相对头宽和相对头高与成雌无显著差异。雄性性成熟后头部的生长显著大子雌性。     

稻曲病菌有性世代和子囊孢子侵染水稻过程的研究

田间调查表明,田间稻曲病菌菌核形成量,其幅度每亩为0～318粒,每亩加权平均为18.69～36.75粒。自然条件下越冬后菌核到早稻孕穗时,其萌发率旱田、水田分别为60.6％和22.8％。室内高湿培养二年总萌发率高达98％其中第一年萌发率为77.2％第二年为20.8％。菌核形成子座必需有一定光照。高湿、25℃、光照条件最有利菌核萌发,形成子座和产生子囊孢子。子囊孢子长度变化同光、暗条件和子座成熟度有关。子囊孢子易萌发直接在孢子两端形成小孢子。加水稻花器或0.5％葡萄糖液能显著地促使子囊孢子快速萌发并形成多个小孢子。该小孢子通过直接形成侵染钉或先形成芽管,附着孢然后侵染水稻。侵染主要集中在处于破口前期的水稻柱头的乳头上。     

Gene flow from genetically modified herbicide-resistant rapeseed to cruciferous weeds

The sexual compatibility between genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and 5 cruciferous weeds is studied through the observation of fluorescence microscopy and cross-fertility after manual pollination. The results indicated that Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible with Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa?pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsuta L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (as female). Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that growing of pollen tubes terminated on the stigma surface or at the upper 1/3 part of the style. However, B. juncea×Q3 was compatible, and the compatibility index was 1.65. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow from Q3 to T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsute and R. palustris were all 0, while it was 0.86% for B. juncea. These results indicate that there is difference in the rate of gene flow between GM rapeseed and cruciferous wild weeds, and frequency of gene flow is highly correlated with sexual compatibility.     

浙江天童国家森林公园中不同生境石栎树种落果的分析

石栎是浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林广泛分布的重要伴生树种。以花序特征、座果情况、座果率和生殖投资等指标分析研究不同生境中石栎种群的生殖特征，以果实长度、宽度和重量作为果实大小的指标，宽/长作为果实形状的指标，对不同生境中石栎种群的果实形态进行统计和比较，结果表明：米槠为主的生境石栎种群单个花序的产花量明显高于栲树林生境；两种生境中石栎单花序的平均座果率差异很小，均在51%左右，但成果率则存在着较大的差异；成果重占整个果序重的80%以上，也就是说石栎平均单个果序用于生殖包装的投资占20%左右；石栎果实的长、宽、宽/长3个指示果实形态的性状在不同生境石栎种群之间的差异很小，是一类相对稳定的性状。果实的长度平均在1.8cm左右，果实的宽度平均为1.2cm左右，而果实的宽/长平均为0.7左右，因而是一种长椭球的形状；果实重量的差异比较明显，栲树林中石栎种群的果实的平均重量明显大于米槠林中。说明不同生境类型对石栎的成果率和果实重量有明显影响。进而也是影响石栎种群更新的重要因素。     

虎皮鹦鹉发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为的性双态性研究

本文应用石蜡切片的方法，对成年虎皮鹦鹉的前脑发声控制神经核团：上纹状体腹侧尾核（Hyperstriatum ventrale pars Canssle,HVC)。古纹状体粗核（Nucleus robustus archistriaylis,RA)和嗅叶X区（Area X)进行了观察和比较；并采用计算机鸣声分析技术对虎皮鹦鹉的鸣声进行了分析。结果发现：雄鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积明显大于雌鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积。雄鸟的叫声明显比雌鸟的叫声复杂多变。这些结果提示虎皮鹦鹉的发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为都存在着性双态性。     

中国水蛇Enhydris Chinensis(Gray)生殖周期肾性节形态结构和组织化学的研究

雄性中国水蛇的肾性节是由单层柱状上皮组成,充满分泌颗粒。它的出现相应于睾丸性激素的次高峰期和高峰期。它的组织化学反应是:糖原的PAS反应呈强阳性,并含有酸性粘多糖、脂类、磷脂、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶等,而酸性磷酸酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶则呈阴性反应。酸性磷酸酶与过去所报导的陆生及沼泽地区的蛇类的含量不同或相反。