氯苯类在地面水中的光降解研究

本文报道氯苯和邻二氯苯在地面水中的光降解作用(动力学参数、量子产率等)以及影响光降解作用的因素,并讨论了光降解机理。     

贵州中南部中三叠世群落古生态研究

文章从群落古生态学的角度,结合岩相学等方面的研究,详细地探讨了贵州中南部中三叠世时的4个生物相、13个群落的特征及其生境,指定了其地理分布范围和生存时限,建立了生物和沉积相模式。认为底栖群落的更替主要由外因——外界环境的变迁引起,而浮游群落的更替则主要由内因——生物自身的进化引起。     

长江江苏段区域供水水源地可利用江段研究

在河势稳定性、岸线利用现状分析基础上,选取长江江苏段岸线资源稳定性江段,建立了平面水流、水质有限体积法及黎曼近似解模型,采用同步遥感、水量、水质实测资料对模型进行率定验证;在沿江污染源调查基础上进行污染源概化;对各概化的污染源计算出在设计条件下的污染带分布图,并计算出污染带长、宽随排污量变化曲线．在上述研究基础上,对长江江苏段的岸线资源稳定性江段进行水质可达性研究．     

和田河流域生态脆弱性成因辨识

通过献资料和野外考察,认为和田河流域的脆弱生态环境是长期的自然作用过程及人类活动干预下形成的。自然地理要素有脆弱性的一面,不合理的人类活动加剧了生态环境退化的进程。和田河流域脆弱生态环境是水、植被环境恶化导致的生态平衡失调形成的。总体表现为以荒漠化为主体的环境问题日益加剧,并通过土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、草场退化、生物多样性丧失,以及干旱、风沙、盐碱、洪灾等表现出来。综合评价结果表明,和田河流域的生态环境质量属中等脆弱。     

REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators

Rare earth element (REE) compositions of the suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea were different in that Korean river sediments (Han, Keum and Yeongsan Rivers) yield stronger fractionations than Chinese river sediments (Changjiang, Huanghe and Yalujiang), shown by obvious enrichments of LREE (light rare earth element) relative to UCC (upper continental crust).Variations of source rock compositions in the drainage basins are responsible for the differences of REE compositions between the river sediments. REE fractionation parameters including (La/Yb)ucc and (Gd/Yb)ucc as well as the ratios of La/Sc and Th/Sc can be treated as proper proxies for identifying the Chinese river sediments from those Korean river matters, and furthermore, for studying the provenances and paleoenvironmental changes of the marginal seas of China.     

民营水保——金沙江干热河谷水土保持建设的新兴模式

民营水保已发展成为金沙江干热河谷地区——云南省元谋县水土保持生态建设和农村经济发展的一支重要的生力军。民营水保一改过去“国家出钱、部门包办、群众出力”的水保建设传统模式,通过积极吸引民间资本,以市场为导向进行生产经营,有效解决了以往水保建设资金不足、水保工程破坏严重、管护困难、经济效益低下等长期困扰水保建设的问题,经济效益突出,水保成效显著。本文在回顾民营水保在云南省元谋县的产生背景、发展历程的基础上,重点介绍民营水保的主要发展形式及其特点、发展中存在的问题。元谋的水保实践表明,民营水保较好地将经济效益与生态效益结合起来,是一种具有发展前景的水土流失治理及经济发展的新兴模式,为新形势下金沙江干热河谷地区水保建设的发展提供了一条新的思路。     

上海青浦城区西北片河网调水方案的效果分析

利用经过实际调水过程验证的二维数学模型,对上海青浦城区西北片河网的9种调水工况(6种边引边排和3种先排后引)进行了数值仿真,获得了每种工况结束时刻河网内的污染物浓度分布.以模拟结果为基础,对比分析了每种工况的调水效果,进而提出了优化的调水方案.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.