σ相对S32760超级双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

通过对含W的S32760超级双相不锈钢不同温度时效热处理研究σ相的析出行为.用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析σ相的形貌和化学组成,并研究σ相对力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响.在850~1000℃之间,实验钢析出大量由Fe-Cr-Mo-W组成的具有正方结构的σ相,钢板强度和硬度高,塑性差,延伸率低于4%;1050℃时仍存在少量析出,虽然延伸率大幅度提高至31.1%,但冲击韧性离散度高,冲击功偏低;直至1080℃,σ相才能完全溶解至基体中,抗拉强度为640 MPa,延伸率为35.5%,纵、横向冲击功平均值分别达到217 J和110 J.随时效热处理温度升高,点蚀电位提高,点蚀失重率不断下降,1080℃热处理的试样点蚀电位高达1246 mV.该试样在50℃的3.5% NaCl溶液中腐蚀失重率也仅为0.005~0.007 g·m-2·h-1.     

钒对高强度汽车大梁钢组织细化的影响

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射技术等手段研究V对700 MPa级高强度汽车大梁钢组织细化的影响.在冷却速度2~7℃·s-1时,显微组织为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体组织.V添加提高粒状贝氏体体积分数,细化粒状贝氏体组织,并明显降低粒状贝氏体中M/A岛的尺寸.与无V钢相比,含V钢中大角度晶界比例提高18.2%,对提高钢的韧性有利.由于C含量过低,在实验钢中未观察到单独的VC析出,由此推测V主要固溶在基体中,以合金化方式促进钢的贝氏体相变,使组织得到有效细化.     

过热度对轴承钢内部组织的影响

利用枝晶腐蚀低倍检验技术、铸坯及盘条淬火+回火热处理金相检验等技术研究了过热度对轴承钢内部组织的影响。结果表明低过热度工艺铸坯等轴晶比例提高,二次枝晶间距变小,铸坯内部偏析、缩孔等冶金缺陷有所改善,但盘条酸洗低倍组织及碳化物不均匀性差别不大。两种工艺铸坯混晶区均比中心等轴晶区偏析严重,存在大量的大尺寸共晶碳化物。     

空气外掠钢渣颗粒准则关系式及其影响因素

通过空冷固态高温钢渣颗粒实验,由实验数据拟合平均努塞尔数实验关联式。对空冷高温钢渣颗粒进行三维数值模拟,研究不同绕流雷诺数下的准则关系式,分析空气外掠固态钢渣颗粒影响因素。研究得出空气冷却固态钢渣颗粒的实验关联式与数值计算关联式,实验与数值计算之间误差较小,验证了采用SST k-棕模型计算的可靠性。实验结果表明：钢渣颗粒的平均努塞尔数随着绕流雷诺数、粒径和气体流速的增大而增大。在同等条件下,钢渣粒径对平均努塞尔数的影响作用大于气体流速;模拟空冷高温钢渣颗粒时,直径对钢渣颗粒凝固时间的影响作用最大,导热系数的影响作用次之,来流空气温度影响作用最小。     

高宽比较大的扣件式钢管脚手架整体稳定性研究及应用

分析了高宽比较大的扣件式钢管脚手架的受力特点,用弹簧单元替代直角扣件这种特殊的半刚性连接方式,引入弹簧单元的伸缩系数及转动刚度,建立了线弹性格构式柱计算模型,利用半刚性连接的钢框架模型计算单位水平力作用下层间相对位移,推导出该模型的失稳屈曲荷载计算公式.对高宽比等于27.3的扣件式钢管脚手架,采用MIDAS GEN有限元软件建立模型进行数值分析,获取失稳屈曲荷载值,并对比简化计算结果,可知公式的计算精度能满足工程设计及校核的需要.     

基于向量式有限元的大跨度钢结构施工力学分析方法

针对大跨度钢结构施工容易产生刚体位移等强烈非线性过程的特点,采用向量式有限元分析方法进行施工过程模拟.基于向量式有限元的基本理论,引入张拉索单元,通过控制张拉索单元的原长,实现大跨度预应力钢结构张拉全过程模拟;引入千斤顶单元,实现大跨度钢结构的脱架模拟.在此基础上,利用MATLAB语言编制了基于向量式有限元理论的施工过程分析程序,并通过悬臂梁拼装、索桁架张拉成形以及大跨度张弦桁架的张拉施工过程模拟分析,与传统分析方法进行比较,验证理论推导和自编程序的正确性与有效性.结果表明,采用基于向量式有限元的施工力学分析方法能够准确模拟结构拼装、预应力张拉成形和结构脱架等施工过程.     

大功率风电机组用轴承钢中非金属夹杂物特征及来源分析

采用非水溶液电解法萃取大功率风电机组用轴承钢轧材中的非金属夹杂物,结合SEM和EDS分析,对夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及类型进行表征,并分析其可能来源。结果表明,该风电轴承钢轧材中非金属夹杂物主要包括Al-Ca-Si-Mg系氧化物和Al-Ca-Si-Mg系硫化物两大类;在钢中T[O]含量仅为0.0007%时,仍存在以SiO2为主的Al-Ca-Si-Mg系大型夹杂物。     

低碳低硫钢中MnS析出行为分析

本文研究铝含量、硫含量、冷却速率等对低碳低硫钢中MnS夹杂物的成分、形貌和析出量的影响,并利用Scheil凝固方程及FactSage 6.1软件对MnS析出行为进行了理论计算。结果表明,冷却速率较低(5K/min)时,钢中夹杂物为双层结构,核心氧化物为Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,MnS在氧化物表面局部或包裹析出;冷却速率较高(900K/min)时,钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,高铝钢样中没有MnS析出,而低铝钢样中有极少量MnS析出;MnS在夹杂物上的析出率随着冷却速率的降低、钢中铝含量的减少(硫含量随之增加)而提高;复合氧化夹杂中的MnO+SiO2对MnS的析出影响较大,MnO+SiO2含量越高,MnS越容易在氧化物上析出;在低硫(w[S]0.0050%)条件下,MnS不能在液相中单独析出,但能在夹杂物上复合析出。     

Effect of slag composition on the cleanliness of 28MnCr5 gear steel in the refining processes

The equilibrium reaction between CaO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂—MgO slag and 28MnCr5 molten steel was calculated to obtain the suitable slag composition which is effective for decreasing the oxygen content in molten steel. The dissolved oxygen content [O] in molten steel under different top slag conditions was calculated using a thermodynamic model and was measured using an electromotive force method in slag–steel equilibrium experiments at 1873 K. The relations among [O], the total oxygen content (T.O), and the composition of the slag were investigated. The experimental results show that both [O] and T.O decrease with decreasing SiO₂ content of the slag and exhibit different trends with the changes in the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio of the slag. Increasing the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio results in a decrease in [O] and an increase in T.O. To ensure that T.O ≤ 20 ppm and [O] ≤ 10 ppm, the SiO₂ content should be controlled to <5wt%, and the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio should be in the range from 1.2 to 1.6.     

Superior machinability of steel enhanced with BN and MnS particles

The strategy that replacing part of MnS with BN was proposed in order to decrease the sulfur content in sulfur based free-cutting steel. The effects of BN and MnS inclusions on the microstructure and machinability of the steel were systematically investigated. The results show that most of the BN and MnS inclusions exist individually in the steel and only a small amount of them are in a composite state forming either isolated particles or clusters of particles. In the case of multi-phased steel, the theoretical calculation predicts that the volume of large BN particles should be 0.7 times of the volume of large MnS particles. The machinability of this type of BN and MnS alloy steel over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from a low speed appropriate for drilling to a high speed appropriate for turning is confirmed as being equal to or superior to that of an MnS reference steel, even though the sulfur content in the composite steel is only half that of the MnS steel. The aptitude for cutting effect of 240 ppm nitrogen and 115 ppm boron in the composite steel is demonstrated to be equivalent or even better than 1000 ppm sulfur in MnS free-cutting steel.