小麦三雌蕊基因Pis1的多效性研究初报

利用小麦三雌蕊突变体与绵阳29杂交,再以绵阳29为轮回亲本,多次回交,并结合人工选择,构建了小麦三雌蕊性状的近等基因系.对小麦三雌蕊突变体,绵阳29以及小麦三雌蕊性状近等基因系的小穗数﹑穗长﹑穗粒数﹑叶长﹑叶宽﹑茎粗﹑千粒重和单株粒重等8个农艺性状进行了分析,结果表明:其中除小穗数和穗长没有显著性差异,其余6个农艺性状均表现出显著性差异.近等基因系在穗粒数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和单株粒重这5个农艺性状明显高于轮回亲本,而千粒重明显低于轮回亲本.由此可见Pis1基因有增加穗粒数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和单株粒重的效应,有降低千粒重的副效益.     

三点苜蓿盲蝽线粒体Cyt b基因扩增条件研究

以三点苜蓿盲蝽为材料,采用SDS-蛋白酶K消化法提取其基因组DNA,利用CB-1、CB-2昆虫通用特异性引物对线粒体Cyt b基因433 bp片段进行PCR扩增,获得三点苜蓿盲蝽线粒体Cyt b基因的最佳扩增条件.     

Histone methylation and ubiquitination with their cross-talk and roles in gene expression and stability

Methylation of lysine residues of histones is associated with functionally distinct regions of chromatin, and, therefore, is an important epigenetic mark. Over the past few years, several enzymes that catalyze this covalent modification on different lysine residues of histones have been discovered. Intriguingly, histone lysine methylation has also been shown to be cross-regulated by histone ubiquitination or the enzymes that catalyze this modification. These covalent modifications and their cross-talks play important roles in regulation of gene expression, heterochromatin formation, genome stability, and cancer. Thus, there has been a very rapid progress within past several years towards elucidating the molecular basis of histone lysine methylation and ubiquitination, and their aberrations in human diseases. Here, we discuss these covalent modifications with their cross-regulation and roles in controlling gene expression and stability. Received 24 September 2008; received after revision 21 November 2008; accepted 28 November 2008     

Pedigree transmission disequilibrium test for quantitative traits in farm animals

General pedigrees are very common in farm animals,and the recent availability of large panels of SNPs in domestic species has given new momentum to the search for the mutations underlying variation in quantitative traits.In this paper,we proposed a new transmission disequilibrium test approach,called the pedigree transmission disequilibrium test,which deals with general pedigrees and quantitative traits in farm animals.Compared with the existing pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) and general linear model-based method QTDT,our approach performed better with higher power and lower type I error,especially in scenarios where the quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect was small.We also investigated the application of our approach in selective genotyping design.Our simulation studies indicated that it was plausible to implement a selective genotyping strategy in the proposed pedigree transmission disequilibrium test.We found that our approach performed equally well or better when only some proportion of the individuals in the two tails were genotyped compared with its performance when all the individuals in the pedigree were genotyped.     

Identification of susceptibility genes loci associated with type 2 diabetes

In this study, we selected 10 susceptible SNPs loci to investigate their contribution to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese among Hubei population. We genotyped SNPs rs5219, rs1801282, rs1470579, rs1111875, rs1081661, rs7754840, rs4506565, rs13266634, rs4402960, and rs5643981 by using the method of polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR). In a case-control study, we have genotyped the 10 candidate susceptibility SNP loci, and here, we reported that the SNP rs5219 in KCNJ1...     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

A combination of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 and lesion mimic gene lm significantly enhances adult plant resistance to Puccinia triticina in wheat

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable conditions.To investigate the interactions between the rust resistance gene Lr34 and the lesion mimic gene lm on 1BL in Ning 7840,a segregating F8-10 population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed from Ning 7840/Chokwang and evaluated for both lesion mimic expression and leaf rust response at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse.A major quantitative trait locus(QTL),derived from Sumai 3,was co-localized with Lr34 on chromosome 7D and explained 41.5% of phenotypic variations for rust severity and 22.1% for leaf tip necrosis(LTN).The presence of Lr34 was confirmed by Lr34-specific markers cssfr1 and cssfr2 in Ning 7840 and Sumai 3.Unlike Lr34,lm conditioned a spontaneous lesion mimic phenotype and had a significant effect on reducing uredinial size,and a smaller effect on severity.Additive effects were observed between lm and Lr34 for severity and LTN,and an epistatic effect was observed for infection type.Single marker analysis also identified several other QTL with minor effects on severity,infection type,or LTN.     

体育运动中的基因兴奋剂

WADA将基因或细胞兴奋剂定义为“能增强运动能力的基因，遗传元素和／或细胞的非治疗性的使用”．遗传学和基因学的新的研究结果不仅将用于疾病的诊断和治疗，而且还将用于试图增强机体的运动能力．用于治疗疾病的基因疗法，如贫血（EPO基因）、肌肉营养不良（IGF—I基因）和外周血管疾病（血管内皮生长因子基因）等，都可能被用于兴奋剂．为保护运动员的健康和保证公平竞争，IOC、WADA和ISF（国际体育联合会）已将提高运动能力的药物和方法定义为基因兴奋剂，并禁止其使用．     

Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.     

大鼠再生肝8种细胞的PPARγ信号通路相关基因转录谱预示脂类代谢活动

为了解大鼠肝再生中肝细胞、胆管上皮细胞、卵圆细胞、星形细胞、窦内皮细胞、库普弗细胞、陷窝细胞、树突状细胞等8种肝脏细胞的PPARγ信号通路相关基因转录谱及其预示的脂类代谢活动,按本卷2期张丽君[1]等方法分离大鼠再生肝8种细胞,检测它们的PPARγ信号通路基因表达谱,分析其预示的生理活动.结果表明,41个PPARγ信号通路相关基因在大鼠肝再生中发生了有意义的表达变化,其中上调、下调和上/下调的基因为9、9、23个,呈现15种表达相关性.相应细胞的基因数为10、6和1,10、12和2,7、7和0,16、8和3,18、7和1,10、6和1,11、20和0,13、9和4.它们的转录谱预示,胆管上皮细胞和星形细胞的脂肪合成、星形细胞和树突状细胞的胆固醇代谢、8种肝脏细胞的脂肪酸运输和脂肪细胞分化、星形细胞、窦内皮细胞和树突状细胞的脂肪酸氧化和糖异生、胆管上皮细胞和树突状细胞的能量代谢增强.上述结果表明,PPARγ信号通路与大鼠肝再生密切相关.