Soil Erosion on a Slope without Vegetation： a Simulating Experiment on a Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

0　IntroductionManystudieshavebeendoneonthesedimentdischargeinMt.Tanakami .Thosestudiesconcerntheamountofsedi mentsandfewdiscussionsabouttheprocessonly .Andthesedi mentyieldmechanismindevastatedslopeinMt.Tanakamiisnotfullyunderstood.Inordertorecordthewholeprocessofsoilero sionfromthebeginningofprecipitation ,totheendofsedimentmovement,asimulatingexperimentbyusingartificialrainiscon ducted .Basedonthisexperiment,andbyfurthercomparingwiththepreviousdataofsedimentsinthisarea,somebasicdataaboutc…     

钻井液在致密砂岩中裂缝的侵入深度模型

克深井区储层的孔隙结构与裂缝特征造成钻井过程中钻井液大量漏失,其中的固相颗粒会堵塞裂缝,使得部分生产井在完井后产量偏低甚至无产量,现场主要是通过酸压来解决这类问题。对于裂缝性气藏的酸压而言,需要知道钻井液在裂缝中的侵入深度变化,以便于设计施工参数,评价酸压效果。针对这一问题,根据牛顿流体在裂缝中的流动机理,裂缝宽度的变化以及裂缝壁面的滤失等,建立了钻井液在单一裂缝中的漏失动力模型,根据裂缝内钻井液压力的分布来定量描述钻井液的侵入深度,考虑并分析了该模型的侵入深度与侵入时间,压差和裂缝宽度之间的相互关系。最后,利用该模型计算了克深井区获得增产效果的酸压井中钻井液的侵入深度和酸液的侵入深度,通过增产井中二者之间的关系,从而间接证明了该模型。     

弹体侵彻钢筋混凝土靶开坑深度研究

研究弹体侵彻靶板的开坑深度,有助于提升侵深和过载的计算精度.首先,通过总结对比现有的开坑深度模型以及试验数据的回归分析,建立了考虑弹体质量和初速度的开坑深度模型.然后,以此为基础给出了弹体侵彻钢筋混凝土靶开坑深度的计算方法.最后,结合作者早前建立的钢筋混凝土动态球形空腔膨胀理论,利用文献试验数据对开坑深度模型进行了应用对比分析.本文模型考虑了弹体质量、初速度以及首层钢筋网埋设深度等因素的影响,可用于分析不同质量、不同初速度弹体侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的开坑深度.      

Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

基于有限体积法的土壤重金属污染物运移模拟

针对重金属污染物在土壤中的运移扩散问题,采用有限体积法对二维稳态水流中污染物运移的基本方程进行离散,获得污染物在饱和土壤中运移的有限体积法计算模型.运用Matlab模拟不同条件下重金属污染物运移的动态过程,研究污染物运移规律.研究表明,当污染源始终存在时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线近似由中心抛物线形渐变为外围椭圆形,水平向和竖直向浓度均不断减小;当污染源存在10天后移除时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线呈椭圆形,污染范围逐渐变大,浓度不断减小,椭圆中心处浓度最大.     

Terrestrial isopods and myriapods in a forested scree slope: subterranean biodiversity,depth gradient and annual dynamics

Diversity, depth distribution and seasonal activity of isopods and myriapods were studied using subterranean traps buried in a forested limestone scree slope in the ?ierna Hora Mts, Western Carpathians, Slovakia, throughout the depth gradient from 5 to 95 cm. A total of five isopod, 13 diplopod and 11 chilopod species were identified. Most edaphic species strongly preferred the uppermost organic soil layers. Among the species captured, some represented rare stenoecous Carpathian endemics, namely the isopod Trichoniscus carpaticus, and diplopods Julus curvicornis and Leptoiulus mariae. Others were subterranean forms, partly adapted to hypogean conditions: the isopod Mesoniscus graniger, and diplopods Mecogonopodium carpathicum and Trachysphaera costata. The annual activity in the vast majority of the species ceased completely in winter, and was gradually relaunched in spring. In evaluating the age structure of two predominant diplopods Polydesmus denticulatus and Mecogonopodium carpathicum, both widespread across the depth gradient, a vertical segregation of early post-embryonic stages was found. While P. denticulatus tended to undergo the early stages of development in the soil-filled topmost levels, the early juvenile stage of M. carpathicum was distributed deep in the scree slope profile.     

迁移理论与三段式教学法在工业催化原理教学中的应用

将迁移理论与三段教学法相结合,深入探讨学习迁移理论所涉及的各种因素对工业催化原理课教学效果的影响,归纳总结迁移理论在三段式教学实践中的应用策略,为大学理论课教学提供参考依据.     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

预应力加载条件下零件干磨削表面强化层特征

采用预应力复合干磨削加工技术,对未调质45#钢试件在不同预应力加载条件下实施表面磨削淬硬,观测不同磨削深度和进给速度条件下的试件表层金相组织,测量并分析试件在不同预应力条件下磨削淬硬层厚度、金相组织的变化状况,并通过试件截面不同位置硬度测定显示淬硬层厚度及金相成分的变化,得到试件施加预应力对淬硬强化层厚度的影响规律.研究表明,预应力淬硬磨削能使工件表面产生强化层,且大的磨削深度和小的进给速度有利于试件表面发生相变强化以及表层塑性变形的增大.     

A survey of occlusion detection method for visual object

Occlusion problem is one of the challenging issues in vision field for a long time , and the occlu-sion phenomenon of visual object will be involved in many vision research fields .Once the occlusion occurs in a visual system , it will affect the effects of object recognition , tracking, observation and operation , so detecting occlusion autonomously should be one of the abilities for an intelligent vision system .The research on occlusion detection method for visual object has increasingly attracted atten-tions of scholars .First, the definition and classification of the occlusion problem are presented . Then, the characteristics and deficiencies of the occlusion detection methods based on the intensity image and the depth image are analyzed respectively , and the existing occlusion detection methods are compared.Finally, the problems of existing occlusion detection methods and possible research directions are pointed out .