2-N-(乙基)亚胺基-4-N,N-二甲基-氧杂环丁烯开环反应机理的量子化学研究

用半经验AM 1方法优化了反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型 ,寻找到了反应的过渡态 ,从理论上论证了 2 N (乙基 )亚胺基 4 N ,N 二甲基 氧杂环丁烯异构化反应的机理 ,计算了反应的活化能 ,得出了该反应为放热反应的结论 .     

临床护理路径在妇科单病种路径中的实施与效果评价

目的:探讨临床护理路径在妇科腹腔镜单病种手术路径中的实施效果。方法:选取2010年3月至2010年12月在我院行腹腔镜手术的234例单病种患者,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,各117例。对照组根据传统模式按医嘱进行常规治疗护理,具体由病区护士实施健康教育,而实验组则严格按指定的临床护理路径表实施护理。结果:实验组与对照组病人健康教育达标率、遵医行为及满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:临床护理路径有利于规范护理行为,利于对年轻护士的培养,提高护理质量和患者满意度,利于单病种路径的实施。     

空冷条件下钛渣颗粒的氧化路径及氧化动力学

The oxidation pathway and kinetics of titania slag powders in air were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) andthermogravimetry (TG). The oxidation pathway of titania slag powder in air was divided into three stages according to their three exothermic peaks and three corresponding mass gain stages indicated by the respective non-isothermal DSC and TG curves. The isothermal oxidation kin-etics of high titania slag powders of different sizes were analyzed using the ln-ln analysis method. The results revealed that the entire isotherm-al oxidation process comprises two stages. The kinetic mechanism of the first stage can be described as f (α)=1.77 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.77?1)/1.77 , f (α)=1.97 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.97?1)/1.97 , and f (α)=1.18 (1?α) [?ln (1?α)](1.18?1)/1.18 . The kinetic mechanism of the second stage for all samples can be described as f (α)=1.5(1?α)2/3[1?(1?α)1/3]?1 . The activation energies of titania slag powders with different sizes (d1 < 0.075 mm, 0.125 mm < d2 < 0.150 mm, and 0.425 mm < d3 < 0.600 mm) for different reaction degrees were calculated. For the given experimental conditions, the rate-controlling step in the first oxidation stage of all the samples is a chemical reaction. The rate-controlling steps of the second oxidation stage are a chemical reaction and internal diffusion (for powders d1 < 0.075 mm) and internal diffusion (for powders 0.125 mm < d2 <0.150 mm and 0.425 mm < d3 < 0.600 mm).     

Basal plasma corticosterone level after bilateral selective lesions of thee olfactory pathways in the rat

Summary In comparison to control rats, basal plasma corticosterone level and lactacidemia significantly increased in rats submitted to a bilateral lesion of the lateral olfactory tract and/or the anterior branch of the anterior commissure. Only the anterior branch of the anterior commissure induced hyperglycemia; that of the lateral olfactory tract exerted an opposite effect.     

Antibacterial effect of 2-hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine onStaphylococcus aureus

The mechanism by which a new naphthoquinone derivative, the 2-hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (INQI-E) has antibacterial effect againstStaphylococcus aureus was studied. The interaction of INQI-E with the bacteria was followed by absorption spectroscopy at 323 and 490 nm. The absorption band of INQI-E at 490 nm undergoes a hypochromic shift with a decrease of intensity. This effect was found to be reversible by oxygenation during the first hours of incubation. The participation of an oxidation-reduction process related to the respiratory chain was demonstrated by oxygen consumption. An increase in O₂ uptake and inhibition ofS. aureus growth was observed. Experiments with three inhibitors of the respiratory chain demonstrated that the pathway induced by INQI-E was antimycin-resistant and KCN- and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive, which suggests that INQI-E is capable of diverting the normal electron flow to an alternate superoxide-producing route. On the other hand, experiments with Tiron, a specific scavenger of superoxide, hindered the effect of INQI-E againstS. aureus, indicating that the inhibitory growth effect of this quinone-imine is mainly due to the production of the cytotoxic superoxide radical.     

Aldose metabolism in developing human fetal brain and liver

Summary Aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities were studied in human foetal brain and liver at different periods of gestation. Aldose reductase activity in liver disappears after 16 weeks of gestation whereas sorbitol dehydrogenase keeps on increasing in liver as well as in brain. In utero, some glucose metabolism may be mediated through an active sorbitol pathway in human fetuses.Acknowledgments. These studies were supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research.     

Characterization of the Partially Folded Monomeric Intermediate of Creatine Kinase

IntroductionRecent studies of the protein folding pathway andintermediate states in vitro and in vivo haveinduced much interest in the importance ofunderstanding the propertiesof partially structuredintermediates[1 7] . Studies have suggested thatintermed…     

松科植物萜类合成酶及其基因家族研究进展

萜类化合物是松科(Pinaceae)植物中重要的代谢物,它们与松科植物生长发育、信息传递、气候适应和化学防御等关系密切,在植物生理和生态等方面具有重要功能。松科植物萜类化合物还广泛应用在制药、生物燃料以及合成化学等工业领域,具有重要的经济价值。松科植物通过甲羟戊酸途径和甲基赤藓糖磷酸途径合成所有萜类物质合成所必需的5碳前体,并在异戊烯基转移酶家族、萜类合成酶家族作用下合成单萜、倍半萜和二萜等不同长度碳链的萜类分子骨架,并进一步在细胞色素P450酶家族的作用下发生甲基化、羟基化、过氧化、糖基化等酶促反应形成具有结构极为丰富的萜类化合物。和其他次生代谢过程类似,多种酶及其基因在萜烯化合物形成过程中起到了至关重要的作用,同时,萜类化合物结构多样性的形成也主要依赖于萜类合成酶及其基因。植物中已经发现了大量的萜类合成酶,由于大量植物基因组、转录组等组学数据的公布,不断有新的萜类合成酶被报道。笔者介绍了植物萜类化合物前体的合成途径及其关键酶基因、植物萜类合成酶的结构和类型,着重阐述松科植物萜类合成酶结构、功能以及相应基因家族鉴定和系统分类的研究进展,并针对松科植物萜类合成酶及其基因研究领域存在的研究树种偏少、松科植物萜烯类代谢可能存在的特异代谢路径重视程度不够、适用于针叶树种相关基因的功能研究平台搭建欠缺、多基因网络调控松科植物萜烯类合成机制研究未得到系统开展、产脂和抗逆相关的松科植物关键基因未得到挖掘与利用等相关问题提出了建议,以期为松科植物萜类生物合成机制解析及松科植物遗传改良提供参考。     

白蚁品级分化研究进展

白蚁作为具有品级多型和精致行为的高度社会化昆虫,品级分化是白蚁社会化生活的基础,也是生命科学的重要议题。从品级分化的类型及其影响因子、个体识别、信息传递、激素调控机理等方面,对白蚁品级分化的研究现状进行综述,为白蚁群体结构的深入理解及有效防治提供参考。白蚁品级分化主要分为生殖个体分化和非生殖个体分化两类,包括群体成员对环境的感知、相关信息的传递、个体对外部信息的生理响应、激素调控途径等环节。个体类型和生理状态信息主要以表皮碳氢化合物和挥发性信息素为媒介。品级主要受脑激素(BH)、蜕皮激素(MH)和保幼激素(JH)调节,其中JH水平对品级决定有重要影响。MH和JH的上游信号包括脑激素、胰岛素、生物胺、生长因子等信号,下游信号包括基因组、凋亡决定、储存蛋白和表观遗传等信号。在未来研究中,对营养因子信号、蜕皮激素的作用和表观遗传学途径应给予更多关注。