PMMA微管的模板法制备与形貌分析

采用模板合成技术，以阳极氧化铝膜为模板，通过化学聚合法制备管径为200nm，长为数微米的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）微管阵列。经红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）表征PMMA微管阵列的结构和形貌，结果显示PMMA微管具有与模板孔洞相似的形状、大小和排列，微管的壁厚为40～60nm；除管状结构外，还存在丝状和类似竹节状的结构；不同结构微管的形成与单体的充填程度有关。     

Influences of Electrolytes on Soap-Free P(ST-MMA-AA) Emulsion Polymerization

1Introduction Functional polymer microspheres are kinds of polymer particles with special structures, morphologies or functional groups[1] , and have been gained much attention because of their specific properties and their application since 1980s. Although some researches have investigated that the latex particle size and its distribution,as well as the stability of polymerization and the resultant latex were strongly influenced by introducing electrolyte into the emulsion polymerization system[2] , few of them focused on the systematic study of electrolytes on the soap-free emulsion polymerization, which is considered as a conventional approach to synthesize functional polymer microspheres with clean surfaces[2]. In this presentation, the influences of variety and dosage of electrolytes on soap-free emulsion polymerization of St, MMA and AA were studied, and a series of micron or submicron sized latex particles with narrow distribution were obtained.     

硫存在下的中间相炭微球制备及形貌

在煤焦油沥青中添加硫，420℃下反应7h得到了不同形貌的中间相炭微球．通过对沥青中间相接组成、软化点和甲苯可溶物(TS)相对分子质量的测定，发现硫在热缩聚反应中交联作用明显．扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对中间相反微球形貌的表征结果显示，随着硫在原料中加量的增加，生成中间相构筑单元的时间推迟，中间相反微球的尺寸变大；另一方面，体系中的硫使先前生成的中间相反微球表面活性点增多，中间相反微球在碰撞时会发生粘连，后续的中间相构筑单元的堆积将产生各种异形，如哑铃形和蛹状等．另外，在开放体系中，使用氮气鼓泡，过快地形成了中间相反微球，这种炭微球存在大量的裂缝．     

中药菟丝子花粉形态的扫描电镜研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对山东菟丝子属(Cuscuta L.)3种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究。结果显示该属花粉粒为长球形，具3～4沟。表明该属花粉粒大小、孔沟数量和外壁雕纹可以作为种间分类的依据。     

胡枝子属与米口袋属花粉亚显微形态特征的比较研究

报道了山东胡枝子属6种植物花粉与米口袋属4种植物花粉的亚显微形态特征，并对两属进行了比较分析．它们韵花粉从赤道面观均呈近长球形，极面观呈三裂圆形；具三条萌发沟；花粉粒的大小，极轴长27．2～19．5μm，赤道轴宽21．3～11．8μm．两属植物花粉的大小、表面纹饰、花粉粒萌发沟的沟裂宽度均有明显差别。研究结果表明，胡枝子属和米口袋属花粉的亚显微形态特征支持传统分类中的属、种级水平的分类。     

一种基于背景记录和变化检测的视频对象分割算法

MPEG—4引入视频对象的概念，以支持基于内容的操作．视频对象分割是MPEG—4成功与否的关键因素之一．该文提出了一种基于背景记录和变化检测的视频分割算法．通过背景记录，它可克服常规的变化检测算法存在的对阴影和亮度变化敏感的缺点．实验结果表明，它可应用到各种视频序列，并能快速得到准确的分割结果．     

甘肃灯心草科植物种皮亚显微结构研究及其分类学意义

对甘肃灯心草科(Juncaceae)、地杨梅属(Luzula)、灯心草届(Juncus)20个种及变种植物的种子形态和种皮表面结构进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的研究．结果表明：在扫描电镜下，本科植物种子表面纹饰有3种不同的类型，即网纹型、条状突起型和纵条纹型．电镜下的种皮表面纹饰为本科植物的分类提供了新的依据．     

Microstructure and functional morphology of the Early Cambrian problematical fossil Rhombocorniculum

Rhombocorniculum cancellatum from the Lower Cambrian of southern Shaanxi Province (South China) is represented by the dextral and sinistral tooth-like sclerites (both in nearly equal numbers), indicating that the body plan of the organism with these sclerites probably was bilaterian. The main feature of the microstructure of the sclerites is the presence of longitudinally arranged, mutually contiguous hollow tubules, the shared walls consisting of microcrystalline apatite. In transverse cross sections, the sclerite wall mainly exhibits a spongy structure, with pore size decreasing adapically. Functional morphological analysis indicates that the sclerites serve as a defensive rather than a grasping function.     

双孢蘑菇酵母菌病害药剂试验

假丝酵母菌(Candida sp．)、酵母菌(Saccharomyces sp．)是稻田栽培双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)中的一类新病原菌。描述了病原菌的形态特征、致病症状，作了实验室药敏试验。试验表明：克霉灵、灭菌威、甲醛等药剂可有效杀灭病原菌。     

蜘蛛丝拉伸变形行为的力学模型

根据大腹园蛛牵引丝力学性能的结构机理及其聚集态结构和形态结构特征，初步建立了以皮芯层结构为基础的蜘蛛丝拉伸力学模型，分析了皮芯层比例及结构对蜘蛛丝纤维力学性能的影响。以层状复合材料的拉伸变形为依据，分析了蜘蛛丝纤维的拉伸断裂过程与皮芯层性能间的关系。