环颈雉红细胞的显微结构观察

应用常规血涂片Wright染色法对环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)红细胞进行显微观察和形态参数测定.结果表明:环颈雉成熟的红细胞呈长椭圆形,长轴18.88 μm,短轴10.00 μm,表面光滑,有核,其发育经过幼稚红细胞、未成熟红细胞和成熟红细胞3个阶段,还观察到直接分裂的红细胞和分裂后产生的梨形红细胞...     

耐高温垂直取向FePt 连续薄膜的表面形貌与磁性

用磁控溅射法在加热到400℃的MgO(001)单晶基片上沉积了总厚度为25 nm 的[Fe(0.6 nm)/Fe_30.5Pt_69.5(1.9 nm)]₁₀ 多层连续薄膜, 总成分配比为Fe₅₀Pt₅₀. 然后对其在[500, 900]℃温度范围进行真空热处理, 分析了热处理温度对薄膜表面形貌、晶体结构以及磁特性的影响. 结果表明, 在加热基片上生长的FePt 薄膜, 层间已经发生扩散, 形成无序的A1 相. 经过700℃以上的高温热处理, 薄膜转变为具有(001)织构的L1₀相FePt 合金, 易磁化轴沿垂直于膜面的方向, 有序度大于0.85, 单轴磁晶各向异性能约2.7×10⁷ erg/cc. 利用扩散后残存的周期性微弱成分起伏, 可以使薄膜在800℃以下保持形貌连续. 用原子力显微镜对薄膜表面进行观察证实, 在780℃进行热处理, 薄膜的表面最平整. 这种优质的连续薄膜可以应用于微加工制作超高密度垂直磁记录阵列介质.     

两种不同形貌FePO_4的制备及其正电极材料LiFePO_4的电化学性能

分别以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O和FeSO_4·7H_2O为铁源,采用均相沉淀法和氧化-液相沉淀法制备了两种不同形貌的FePO_4粉体,再以FePO_4为前驱体,与LiOH·H_2O、蔗糖混合,采用碳热还原法合成了LiFePO_4正电极材料.用XRD和SEM对所制备的FePO_4粉体进行结构和表面形貌表征,测试了LiFePO_4样品的充放电性能.XRD和SEM测定结果表明,采用均相沉淀法制备的FePO_4为六方晶系纯相,颗粒形貌为圆片状,颗粒大小均匀;而液相氧化法制备的FePO_4也为六方晶系纯相,但颗粒形貌无规则.由圆片状FePO_4和无规则FePO_4所合成的LiFePO_4的颗粒形貌与其前驱体相同.充放电测试表明在0.5C下圆片状LiFePO_4的首次放电比容量为140 mAh/g,无规则LiFePO_4的首次放电比容量为89 mAh/g.经过50次循环后,前者的放电比容量仅下降1.43%,后者基本不变.     

Early life history of the sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida)

Managing a rare species can be improved with knowledge of its natural history. The sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus) is a freshwater mussel recently listed by the US as federally endangered. We used standard methods to study P. cyphyus brooding behaviour, host fishes in the laboratory and under natural conditions, and glochidial morphology. We monitored a population of P. cyphyus in the Chippewa River, WI during spring and summer 2007–2009 and 2011 and found brooding animals between mid-May and early August. Gravid individuals ranged between 5 and 27 yr (mean age ± 1 s.d. = 13 ± 4 yr). Plethobasus cyphyus brooded glochidia in outer gills, which varied in colour from red, orange, pink, cream, or white. We observed mature glochidia more commonly in individuals with cream or white gills and these glochidia were released in a clear, adhesive, mucus matrix. In laboratory trials we found several minnow and topminnow species (29 spp.) served as productive suitable native hosts. The mean number of juvenile mussels released per cyprinid per day was significantly higher for trials conducted at 22–25°C compared with those at 18–20°C, and 83% of trials conducted at 18–20°C using suitable host species produced no juveniles. Glochidia had a unique outline and shell morphometrics that distinguished P. cyphyus from seven other Chippewa River mussel species that produce similar sized glochidia. Using morphometrics we determined that mimic shiners (Notropis volucellus) were natural hosts for P. cyphyus, round pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia), and Wabash pigtoe (Fusconaia flava). Releasing mucus-bound glochidia has evolved in a variety of mussel species and may be more common than is currently realized. Our data show that P. cyphyus is a cyprinid host specialist, and propagation efforts for this species can be strengthened through improved access to mature glochidia by using females with cream-coloured gills and increased juvenile production through warmer fish holding temperatures.     

The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae

The variation in ovipositor sculpture and additional features of the ovipositor apparatus in Tenthredinoidea is explored. Two outgroups and 85 species of tenthredinoids were examined, the emphasis of the taxon sampling being on Nematinae. Twenty-four morphological characters where scored and the data set was analysed under different weighting conditions. The topologies derived from analysing the character set in TNT are poorly resolved and highly unstable when analytical settings are changed. Only a few clades, the Tenthredinoidea s. str., the Diprionidae, the Cimbicidae and the Argidae + Pergidae are consistently retrieved. The functional implications of the variation in ovipositor morphology within Tenthredinidae is discussed in relation to the qualities of the host plant, e.g. the hardness and the depth of penetration in plant tissue.     

A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Megachernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) associated with a threatened Sri Lankan rainforest rodent,with a review of host associations of Megachernes

Most species of the Old World pseudoscorpion genus Megachernes are associated with mammals, either within their nests or in their pelage, whereas others are found in cave systems, usually in bat guano. The first Sri Lankan species of the genus, Megachernes kanneliyensis, is described from the fur of an endemic, threatened Sri Lankan mouse, Mus mayori pococki from the Kanneliya rainforest. The species is compared with other species of the genus. Host associations of all named and several unnamed species of Megachernes are reviewed, with two main habitat types, those found in mammal nests and in their pelage, and those found in bat guano. Based on similarities with Megachernes, Chiridiochernes is transferred to Lamprochernetinae as the spermathecae are T-shaped, the sole diagnostic feature of the subfamily.     

Morphology of Eogystia sibirica (Alphéraky) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) attacking Asparagus officinalis in northern China with descriptions of its immature stages

The carpenter moth Eogystia sibirica (Alphéraky) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a serious pest of the garden asparagus Asparagus officinalis (family Liliaceae) in northern China, with its larvae boring in the stem and roots, frequently causing significant damage to the plant. All the life stages of the pest, including egg, larva, pupa and adult, are described and illustrated in detail. The ovoid egg is covered with a reticulate meshwork of ridges on the chorion. The eruciform larva possesses only three stemmata on each side of the head; the reduced abdominal prolegs on segments III–VI each bear 35–55 uniordinal crochets arranged in two transverse bands; the short anal prolegs each bear five to seven uniordinal crochets in a transverse band. The pupa is adecticous and obtect, without cremaster. The reduction of larval stemmata and the invagination of the adult pterosterna are briefly discussed.     

Use of morphological and molecular data to identify three new sibling species of the genus Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea,Decapoda, Galatheidae) from New Caledonia

Three cryptic species of the genus Munida from New Caledonia, previously identified as M. tuberculata Henderson, , M. notata Macpherson, and M. clinata Macpherson, , are described and illustrated. The three species are identified by subtle and constant morphological characters, which match clear differences in molecular sequences (16S rDNA and COI genes). The results also confirm the importance of several of these characters (e.g. length of the antennular and antennal spines) in the taxonomy of the genus Munida.