药用植物生物工程研究进展

生物技术的发展为药用植物的研究和中药现代化的发展提供了重要机遇.本文综述了近几年来细胞工程、发酵工程、酶和蛋白质工程及基因工程在我国药用植物研究中的应用进展,包括药用植物优良品种的培育,提高药用植物有效成分的生物技术,DNA分子标记、基因芯片在药用植物研究中的应用及药用植物快速繁殖、多倍体育种、超低温保存等技术.并提出了药用植物生物工程研究领域中存在的问题及今后的发展方向,旨在用现代分子生物学技术加速中药现代化发展步伐.     

Cloning and expression of putative ethylene receptor genes in soybean plant

Ethylene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses, and ethylene receptors have been identified and studied extensively in various plant species. Here we report the cloning of four ethylene receptor genes from soybean, i.e. GmETR1, GmERS1, GmETR2 and GmEIN4. Construction of the phylogenic tree showed that GmETR1 and GmERS1 belong to subfamily I whereas GmETR2 and GmEIN4 belong to subfamily II. The four ethylene receptor genes showed different tissue-specific expression patterns in roots, stems, leaves, cotyledons, flowers, pods and seeds of soybean. These genes were differentially regulated by various abiotic stresses and plant hormones. The possible roles of the four genes in soybean plant were also discussed.     

扬州地区水稻病虫害和温、湿度关系的调查报告

水稻作为扬州最重要的粮食作物之一,年种植面积达20万hm2以上。但近年来,生物灾害越来越严重地影响到扬州水稻的产出。而这些灾害很大程度上与气候变化有关。本文分析了1988年以来扬州地区的与水稻病虫害密切相关的季节的温、湿度变化特点,着重讨论了温、湿度对螟害、纹枯病的影响。     

Relationship between plant species diversity and patch characteristics in a marsh in the Sangjiang Plain,China—Using Yaluhe farm as an example

Based on Quick Bird satellite image data, the present study examined small-scale herbaceous community patches in the marsh of the Sanjiang Plain and measured patch characteristics such as the area, perimeter and shape by GPS. The coenological characteristics of the patches were investigated using quadrat method, and the vascular plant species were recorded using transect method. A total of 219 plant species were recorded, which represents 12.2% of the vascular flora in Heilongjiang Province. Our results showed that species number S correlated with patch area and perimeter; richness index (R) correlated with patch perimeter; Simpson index (D) correlated with patch area and perimeter/area; Shannon-Wiener index (H′) correlated with patch area, perimeter and perimeter/area; Evenness index (Jsw) correlated with perimeter/area. Both S and R have significant difference between different size of patches. Plant diversity in the small-scale herbaceous communities tended to increase with the patch area and perimeter. We concluded that edge effects and the habitat heterogeneity of the patches are important in determining the number of species. The relative smoothness of the patch edges also affects the plant diversity of the patches. The richness of plant species in the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain is highly sensitive to the small-scale patches, which continues to play an important role in preserving plant diversity in the local area.     

低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变性

研究了低分子量阳离子变性瓜胶与硼砂交联的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶浓度、硼砂浓度及pH对凝胶形成的影响,得到了结构稳定的凝胶体系。考察了低分子量阳离子瓜胶凝胶体系的流变特性,结果表明该体系具有良好的粘弹性和剪切变稀性。非线性共转Jeffreys模型可确切表征凝胶体系的粘度曲线,实验值与模拟值吻合良好。     

城市污水处理厂恶臭气体及控制技术的研究

针对城市污水处理厂恶臭气体所造成的环境污染、居民抱怨以及对职工健康造成损害等一系列问题，分析了城市污水处理厂恶臭气体的形成机理及恶臭气体与处理工艺过程的紧密相关性，并在此基础上提出了全过程控制的理念；同时为将国内停留在实验室研究阶段提升到工程应用程度，文中辅以实例对现场试验研究进行了概述。     

几种植物对生活污水的处理效果研究

选取蛇泡草，红辣蓼，鹅不食草和田边菊作为人工湿地的栽培物，并对它们处理污水的效果进行研究，结果表明，不同的植物对生活污水的处理效果有所不同，红辣蓼对NH^ 4-N的去除率最高，24－48h之间的平均值为24．5％，蛇泡草对TP的去除率最高，24－48h之间的平均值为17．0％，所有受试植物对污水的处理效果均在40－48h之间达到顶峰。     

植物生理学课程体系和教学内容的改革实践

根据植物生理学的学科发展趋势和跨世纪人才培养的要求 ,以教学内容和课程体系改革为核心 ,把分子生物学的新概念、新理论和新的思想方法整合到传统教学体系中 ,增强其生机和活力 .逐渐把验证性实验转变为探索式实验 ,培养学生综合应用能力和创新精神     

紫丁香硬枝扦插技术的研究

通过试验研究了不同浓度ABT1、ABT2种生长调节剂对紫丁香枝条不同部位插条成活率的影响，结果表明，枝条中下部插穗的成活率明显高于枝条上部（带顶芽）插穗，达50％，且中下部插穗在株高、茎粗、侧根数、平均根长方面都优于上部。不同浓度的ABT1、ABT2对紫丁香硬枝扦插生根均有促进作用，用生长调节剂处理后的插惩在株高、茎粗、侧根数、平均根长方面都好于对照，其中采用500μg/mL的ABT2对枝条中下部插穗进行处理的成活率最高，达到62.5%。     

植物对土壤水分条件的适应性反应研究进展

植物对土壤水分条件的适应性反应既有微观层次上的生理和生化反应,也有器官、单株水平上的形态响应.水分条件对植物生理生化过程的影响,最终将通过其形态的变化直观地表现出来.由于植物对水分条件变化的反应是长时效、非线性的,它的实现过程具有整体复杂性.所以,综合性整体研究应成为今后节水农业研究的重要方向.