Identification of swelling-activated Cl<Superscript>-</Superscript> current in rabbit cardiac Purkinje cells

The presence and functional role of the swelling-activated Cl^- current (I_Cl(swell)) in rabbit cardiac Purkinje cells was examined using patch-clamp methodology. Extracellular hypotonicity (210 or 135 mOsm) activated an outwardly rectifying, time-independent current with a reversal potential close to the calculated Cl^- equilibrium potential (E_Cl). The magnitude of this current was related to tonicity of the superfusate. The current was blocked by 0.5 mM 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS). These features are comparable to those of I_Cl(swell) found in sinoatrial nodal, atrial, and ventricular myocytes. I_Cl(swell) activation at 210 and 135 mOsm depolarized the resting membrane potential with 6 and 10 mV and shortened the action potential by 18 and 33%, respectively. DIDS partially reversed I_Cl(swell)-induced action potential changes. We conclude that I_Cl(swell) is present in Purkinje cells and its activation leads to action potential shortening and resting membrane potential depolarization, both of which can promote the development of reentrant arrhythmias.Received 20 January 2004; received after revision 17 February 2004; accepted 25 February 2004     

FK506 sensitizes mammalian cells to high osmolarity by modulating p38 MAP kinase activation

The immunosuppressants tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A (CsA) have increased the survival rates in organ transplantation. Both drugs inhibit the protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) in activated T cells, exhibiting similar side-effects. Diabetes is observed more often in FK506 than CsA therapy, probably due to inhibition of new molecular targets other than CaN. We studied FK506 toxicity in mammalian cells. FK506, but not CsA, regulated p38 activation by osmotic stress, and decreased viability in osmostressed cells. In addition, FK506 treatment strongly increased the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF-2a) subunit. eIF-2a phosphorylation, p38 inhibition and cell lethality were relieved by addition of excess amino acids to the medium, suggesting that amino acid availability mediated FK506 toxicity. Therefore, these FK506-dependent responses could be relevant to the non-therapeutic effects of FK506 therapy.Received 16 October 2003; received after revision 8 January 2004; accepted 14 January 2004     

弹片与爆炸冲击波耦合作用分析

弹片和冲击波是武器战斗部毁伤效应的两个重要方面,两者具有一定的相关性.通过研究弹片与爆炸冲击波的耦合作用,分析并推导了弹片在空气中的运动规律和运动方程,以及弹壳对武器爆炸冲击波的影响.通过实例分析,验证了建立的模型和计算方法的合理性和正确性.弹片的最大速度和壳体厚度对爆炸冲击波能量的影响因子随着弹壳厚度的增加而降低.弹壳增厚会导致在爆轰气体与弹壳相互作用的阶段,有更多的能量损耗于壳体膨胀和破碎过程,从而使爆炸冲击波的能量减弱.在实际计算中,必须考虑弹壳的存在以及壳体厚度对爆炸冲击波能量的影响作用.     

海藻糖对渗透胁迫下油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

25％PEG-6000渗透胁迫显著抑制油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长．使种子萌发推迟，发芽率降低22.67％，发芽指数降低112．8％，活力指数降低10．4倍，单株鲜质量、地上与地下部分鲜质量、地上和地下部分长度分别降低4．2，4．0g，4．82，4．19和1.42倍；25mmol／1。海藻糖（TH）处理能显著促进渗透胁迫下油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长．使种子发芽率提高14．67％，发芽指数提高33．12％，活力指数提高175．40％，单株鲜质量提高101．69％，地上、地下部分鲜质量和地上、地下部分长度分别提高62．38％，335．29％，25％和11．11％．     

复合式氧化沟处理城市废水运行条件的控制研究

采用复合式氧化沟工艺处理城市污水,并对系统的运行条件进行了探讨.实验结果表明:当水停留时间HRT≥30 h,COD、BOD5和氨氮的去除率保持在96%、97%和93%以上,当HRT分别为20 h和10 h时,COD、BOD5和氨氮分别为90%、94%、87%和86%、92%、83%;重点考察在HRT为20 h时,COD的浓度范围从125.3~492 mg/L,氨氮的浓度范围为20~32.91 mg/L,但是它们的去除率维持在90%以上,系统对污染物有更高更稳定的去除效果,而且系统对冲击负荷也有很强的适应性.     

The experimental study of interaction between shock wave and turbulence

The interaction between shock wave and turbulence has been studied in supersonic turbulent mix layer wind tunnel. The interaction between oblique shock wave and turbulent boundary layer and the influence of large vortex in mix layer on oblique shock wave have been observed by NPLS technique. From NPLS image, not only complex flow structure is observed but also time-dependent supersonic flow visualization is realized. The mechanism of interaction between shock wave and turbulence is discussed based on high quality NPLS image.     

承受热冲击的大口径机枪枪管的热效应分析

根据热弹性理论,考虑枪管承受对流、传导和热辐射的情况,使用有限元法,计算了带有Cr镀层的某大口径机枪枪管在单个和连续热冲击下的瞬态温度及瞬态热应力,分析了其沿轴向和径向的分布规律,并评价了热冲击对于强度的影响,计算结果得到了实验数据的验证.研究表明:(1)热冲击具有明显的薄层效应;(2)热冲击引起的内膛表面温度响应和VonMises应力响应呈脉冲状;(3)热负荷产生的热应力明显高于膛压产生的应力.     

基于初始压力间断的冲击波模拟方法

冲击波是引起结构破坏的首要因素,抗爆结构性能分析通常有两种方法,一是把冲击波以压力函数的形式直接加于结构上;二是通过分别建立炸药与空气的网格模拟得到冲击波,然后将冲击波荷载以节点速度或加速度的形式耦合到结构结点上进行计算.前一种方法基于许多假定,不够真实,而爆炸模拟存在的问题较多,主要是炸药网格单元较小,由此考虑炸药单元与空气或结构单元网格的协调性会导致单元较多,计算量较大,峰值压力和作用时间的可调整范围有限.为解决上述问题提出用初始压力间断的原理直接生成冲击波的方法,并对决定冲击波峰值压力和作用时间的因素进行了分析.     

测量爆炸冲击过程多普勒信号拾取技术

采用优化后的外差式纵向激光多普勒进行了光路测量,利用短时傅里叶变换最大主值频率法和小波变换模极大值法分析处理多普勒信号,有效地抑制了爆炸信号的噪声.系统测量距离4.5 m,测量速度范围-10 m/s~20 m/s,相对误差小于100/.试验证明,该方法能有效地拾取反映爆炸过程动态特性的多普勒信号,实现对爆炸容器高速动态形变参数的精确测量.