快速加权核范数最小化的SAR图像去噪算法

提出快速加权核范数最小化(fast weighted nuclear norm minimization,FWNNM)的合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像去噪算法。首先采用对数变换将SAR图像的乘性噪声变换为加性噪声,然后利用非局部相似性对变换后的图像进行块匹配,随后根据低秩模型框架,用随机奇异值分解替换加权核范数最小化(weighted nuclear norm minimization,WNNM)算法中的奇异值分解进行低秩矩阵逼近,再采用梯度直方图保存的方法对图像进行纹理增强,最终实现了对SAR图像快速去噪。在MSTAR数据库上的实验结果表明,与已有方法相比,所提方法在SAR图像去噪和边缘保持方面是有效的,并且比WNNM去噪速度快3倍。     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100 ℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能，同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察，探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明：国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近，水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命；疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面，多为多源萌生，裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主；断口处有少量二次裂纹，未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征，静断区断口形貌为韧窝；从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中，未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物；钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。     

离心式空压机振动故障分析

文章阐述了空压机异常轴振问题,诊断出异常轴振问题的原因,准确地找出了故障源,并对两台空压机运行多年来出现的异常轴振问题进行了分析。     

压缩重子物质：从原子核到脉冲星

尽管物质世界以不熟悉的暗物质、暗能量为主，但自然界的精彩却要归功于相对少量的那些重子物质．日常生活中原子核之间Coulomb排斥有效地阻止它们通过挤压物质而聚合起来，然而天体极端环境时常出人意料：大质量恒星演化至晚期时，其核心引力如此之强以至于其他任何力（当然包括Coulomb排斥）都难以媲美——压缩重子物质就这样在超新星爆发过程中诞生，并表现为观测到的脉冲星．对这类压缩重子物质的研究将不仅加深对强作用基本性质的认识，而且有助于检验引力理论、探测低频引力波、建立精确的时间标准和导航体系，还是我国在建或拟建大型天文望远镜的核心课题．历史上Landau曾推测恒星核心存在巨大的原子核（后来发展成为“中子星”模型），我们经过研究后却认为脉冲星其实是由夸克集团而构成的凝聚体．夸克集团作为超新星爆发形成压缩重子物质的基本单元这一想法十年来并未被观测排除，而且我们还期待未来功能更强大的观测设备检验它．     

A Series Dissertation on Tianwan Nuclear Power Station —Technical Characteristics

1The Material for the Casing of theFuel Assembly and its Structure Madeof Zirconium AlloyWith provision for stability of the materialsagainst corrosive,electrochemical,heat,mechanical and radiation effects,the followingstructure materials are usedinthe structure of fuelassembly,control and protectionsystem,burnableabsorber rod:Stainless steel of type08X18H10T,zirconium alloy Zr 1%Nb,chromium-nickelalloys XHTUP and42XHM.Steel08X18H10Tisdistinguished by stability of mechanicalcharacter…     

水下核爆作用下混凝土重力坝模型破坏试验

采用落锤冲击模拟水下核爆的一次冲击波对混凝土重力坝的作用.试验遵循弹性-重力联合相似准则,并以冲量相似条件确定冲击摆的质量与悬挂高度.对两种坝体和坝基接触条件,即一种在平滑基底上筑坝,一种在锚固基底上筑坝,开展模型坝的冲击试验,得到模型坝体的动力特性.试验结果表明,坝体破坏模式包括贯穿性断裂、滑移、碎裂、层裂和抛掷等.并初步研究了核爆输入能量和大坝耗散能量之间的平衡关系.     

核素分布的漂亮三角形

在氘氚结团为坐标的核素图中,边长11核素的核素分布最大三角形的3顶点为361818Ar180,1365838Ce7820,1967838Pt1184,3边为坐标S38,差K18和参量2S-H=36.最大三角形由4个边长10个坐标单位的小三角形组成,还可由3个6×6核素的菱形组成,3个菱形内部的3个4×4核素组合共有36核素1144830Cd6618,1275232Te7220,1305432Xe7622;中心区有2个最小三角形,其3顶点分别为偶偶核素,奇A核素1195031Sn6919,1255231Te7321,1275332I7421.     

304L不锈钢在核电一回路水中应力腐蚀行为的研究

 在模拟核电一回路高温高压水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法,研究温度对304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律。通过扫描电镜观察,对试样断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,在高压水环境中,随着温度的升高,材料有向脆性断裂转变的倾向,抗拉强度等参数变化不大,延伸率和断面收缩率略有降低;在研究温度范围内,304L不锈钢试样断口未发现明显脆性解理特征;温度处于200-345℃区间时,没有发现存在304L不锈钢敏感温度,材料应力腐蚀敏感性较低。     

Predicting the spread of nuclear radiation from the damaged Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant

Japan suffered a M9.0 earthquake and massive tsunami on March 11, 2011, which seriously damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant and caused a nuclear crisis. The spread of nuclear radiation from the power plant through the atmosphere and ocean was predicted with a short-term climate forecasting model and an ocean circulation model under some idealized assumptions. If nuclear matter were leaked in the near-ground layer of 992 hPa, the climate model results show that the nuclear radiation would cover North America 10 days after the initial leakage, with the concentration at the forefront dramatically reduced to 10 millionths of the initial model concentration at the source. The radiation would span Europe in 15 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 30 days. If the initial leakage was assumed to occur in the layer 5000-m above the ground, the radiation would cover Europe in 10 days and cover much of the Northern Hemisphere in 15 days. Moreover, under the assumption that the nuclear matter leaked in the 10000-m layer, the radiation would affect much of China after 10 days. The ocean circulation model indicates that the nuclear material would be slowly transported northeast of Fukushima and reach 150°E in 50 days, and the nuclear debris in the ocean would be confined to a narrow band. Compared with the spread in the ocean, the area affected by leaked nuclear radiation in the atmosphere would be very large. Atmospheric monitors in North America and Europe will be helpful for estimating the effect in China of any leaked nuclear material.     

直接键连C-X(X=H, C)的核自旋偶合常数的理论研究

利用建立的PM3级别上的最大重迭对称性分子轨道法和自然杂化轨道方法,计算了系列烃类化合物的杂化轨道和电荷分布,拟合出计算C-H及C-C偶合常数的简单关系式,研究了各种烃类分子中不同的C-Ｈ键和Ｃ-Ｃ键偶合常数,理论计算值和实验数据都较为吻合．进一步验证了直接键连1JCX(X=C, H)偶合常数主要取决于偶合作用中的Fermi接触相,为从简单价键理论角度解释和计算1JCH和1JCC提供了一种简便直观的方法．计算结果也表明提出的计算方法是可行的．