美国初中级教育中对自然科学教师的培养及职业标准

对自然科学教师的培养及职业标准的研究是当代世界各国教育改革的焦点之一。本文试就美国对初中级教育中对自然科学教师的职业准备及其培养标准加以介绍和描述,特别是对美国七十年代以来对自然科学教育由重视到不重视再到重视的具体过程分析,以此为我国自然科学教师的培养提供借鉴作用。     

一类拟线性耦合方程组的初边值问题

引用带权的Sobolev模和牛顿迭代格式,讨论了拟线性对称双曲抛物耦合方程组的初边值问题,得到了可微解的存在和唯一性定理。     

二阶非线性微分方程解的振动性与渐近性

讨论了一类二阶非线性微分方程解的振动性与渐近性,得到了该方程有界解的振动性与渐近性的新的充分条件,改进并推广了已有的结果。     

纳米光纤与光孤子通信探讨

在普通光纤光孤子传输的行为基础上,提出纳米光纤概念,讨论利用纳米光纤的强三阶光学非线性建立的全新光孤子光通信系统 分析纳米光纤量子点的制备和纳米光纤的形成机制     

基于BP神经网络的增益量化中的阶距自适应

本文分析了G.728语音编码算法增益固定量化的缺陷,设计了精确表示增益的自适应量化方案。采用BP神经网络对增益的量化步长进行非线性自适应量化,并提出一种新的用于训练BP神经网络的数据的获取方法。     

基于位移的抗震设计中位移模式的确定

根据地震强度、地震波、结构层数与跨度、强柱弱梁系数等影响水平位移模式的主要因素,通过大量算例分析,提出了确定基于位移的抗震设计中水平位移模式的方法.     

科技报告的特点及作用

科技报告在生产、科研各个领域中具有广泛的实用性。本文在介绍科技报告的涵义、种类的基础上,总结出科技报告的五大特点及其特有的功用。     

科技英、俄语虚拟语气的简要比较

本文就科技英语和科技俄语的虚拟语气进行了简要对比。     

Methodological foundations of systems methodologies

In social systems science generally, and in management science particularly, recent developments in the variety of types of specific problem-solving methodologies (under the rubric of hard and soft systems approaches) have given an impetus to a line of inquiry, as well as debate on the nature of those methodologies. On the one hand, there has been the view that what we are witnessing is a form of Kuhnian crisis. On the other hand, a complementarist view of developments has been argued and a contingency approach proposed. But one thing has been common among the competing views: a belief that the prospects for further advances in the design and application of those methodologies, and in resolving the current controversies, lie in serious attempts to reconsider and clarify the underlying metatheoretical assumptions and concerns. This paper is an attempt to contribute to such an endeavor. A brief exposition of three methodological foundations (namely, empiricism, hermeneutics, and critique) is made, not only with the purpose of highlighting the nature as well as the limits of their epistemological and ethical claims, but also as a basis for illuminating both the nature of contemporary work on systems inquiry, design, and problem solving and the ongoing debate on what constitutes appropriate criteria for choice of specific methodologies.     

Misuses of biology in the context of the paranormal

Summary Public suspicion of science stems from science's challenging of perceptions and myths about reality, and a public fear of new technology. The result is a susceptibility to pseudoscience. In claiming that creation science is as valid as evolution the creationists misquote scientists and seek to spread their own scientific myths concerning a young age for the earth, an act of creation based on a particular literalist interpretation of the Christian Bible and a single worldwide flood. They use methods of debate and politics, rather than scientific research. A selection of their arguments is examined and the nature of the evidence for evolution is discussed. Problems with the creation science model are noted. In the myth of the hundredth monkey phenomenon, original research is misquoted to denigrate scientific research and support sentimental ideas of paranormal events. The misuse of science is seen as damaging to society because it reduces the effective gathering and application of scientific information. However, pseudoscience provides a valuable guide to gaps in public scientific education.