Effect of pyrophosphate on the light scatter in KDP crystal

Pyrophosphate doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal was grown from aqueous solution by the temperature lowering method. Light scatter in KDP crystal was detected with the ultramicroscopic method. The light scatter in KDP crystal was aggravated when pyrophosphate was doped into the growth solution, which was distributed ununiformly in prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal. Different effects of pyrophosphate on prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal can explain this case. The transmission in this crystal was measured, showing that pyrophosphate affects the transmission evidently.     

添加微量合金元素的钢轨钢的性能与研究

利用现有的资源和工艺,采用微合金化的方法能够改善并提高钢轨钢的性能。在普通的钢轨钢中分别添加两种微量元素铌（Nb）和钒（V）后,再与普通钢轨钢进行对比,研究发现Nb对提高钢的强度和韧性的效果比较明显,而V的合金化效果不如Nb理想。     

High plastic Zr-Cu-Fe-Al-Nb bulk metallic glasses for biomedical applications

Four Zr-Cu-Fe-Al-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with Zr contents greater than 65at% and minor additions of Nb were designed and prepared. The glass forming abilities, thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance properties of the prepared BMGs were investigated. These BMGs exhibit moderate glass forming abilities along with superior fracture and yield strengths compared to previously reported Zr-Cu-Fe-Al BMGs. Specifically, the addition of Nb into this quaternary system remarkably increases the plastic strain to 27.5%, which is related to the high Poisson's ratio and low Young's and shear moduli. The Nb-bearing BMGs also exhibit a lower corrosion current density by about one order of magnitude and a wider passive region than 316L steel in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4). The combination of the optimized composition with high deformation ability, low Young's modulus, and excellent corrosion resistance properties indicates that this kind of BMG is promising for biomedical applications.     

粉煤灰中稀有金属镓-铌-稀土的联合提取

 采用碱法烧结-分步浸出法, 对重庆安稳电厂循环流化床粉煤灰中Ga、Nb、REE 等稀有金属进行了联合提取实验。结果表明, 粉煤灰加无水碳酸钠在860℃下烧结30 min, 采用水浸法提取Ga, 采用酸浸法提取REE, Ga、REE 的提取率分别达到84.70%和80.07%;Nb 在两步浸出实验中的浸出率均低于1%, 但在酸浸滤渣中得到富集。采用D201 离子交换树脂和NH₄Cl(0.5 mol/L)溶液在40℃下对富Ga 水浸滤液中的Ga 进行吸附与解吸附, Ga 的吸附率(27.99%)、解吸附率(37.33%)偏低, 可能与解吸附液用量不足和水浸滤液中Al 离子竞争吸附有关, 后续将通过改进实验条件提升Ga 的分离提取效果;酸浸液中REE 及酸浸渣中Nb 的分离提取工艺尚需进一步研究。通过上述稀有金属Ga、Nb、REE 的联合提取及后续工作, 可实现安稳电厂粉煤灰的高附加值利用, 有效缓解粉煤灰造成的环境污染。     

ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导相变动力学

研究热模拟单向压缩条件下含ZrC粒子的低碳锰(铌)钢在形变诱导相变过程中的铁素体转变动力学关系。研究结果表明:添加ZrC粒子使试验用钢奥氏体晶界的形核率明显增加,影响形变诱导铁素体的形态、分布及晶粒细化效果;高温变形时由于形变诱导的作用,铁素体转变量随应变的增大不断增加,而铁素体晶粒的细化主要是由于动态再结晶的作用,试验用钢在形变诱导相变的变形温度TAe3～TAr3之间的低温区进行变形(TAe3为形变诱导相变的开始温度,TAr3为形变诱导相变的终止温度),可以加速铁素体形核;同时,一定粒径和体积分数(0.6%)的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心,不仅阻碍位错的运动,而且造成位错密度增大,因而提高α-Fe形核率。在温度为900℃、应变速率为1s-1的条件下,试验用钢获得超细组织对应的ZrC粒子临界体积分数为0.6%。     

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

Human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyldiphosphate and isopentenyldiphosphate. Recombinant human GGPS was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method. Crystals were grown at 18℃ using PEG 4000 as precipitant. Diffraction data were obtained to a resolution of 2.8 ? from a single frozen crystal belonging to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters: a=68.9 ?, b=107.7 ?, c=137.4 ?, α=99.6°, β=97.6°, γ=97.8°.     

激光熔覆多层Nb-Si-Ti显微组织

采用基于多层激光熔覆的激光快速成形方法,通过优化激光扫描过程参数,调整不同成分元素粉末来进行铌硅基自生复合材料的显微组织和成分设计研究.采用Nd:YAG激光器扫描预置在Ti-6Al-4V基材上成分为Nb-18Si-24Ti(原子分数)混合粉末,获得所需激光熔覆层.优化出工艺参数为激光脉冲电流225A,扫描速度3.0mm/s,激光脉冲频率15Hz,激光脉冲宽度3.0ms,离焦量15mm,并在优化参数下制备出了4层多道样品.分别采用OM,SEM及XRD对预置法制备出的多层沉积层的显微组织及相结构进行分析,结果显示在多层沉积层中获得了铌硅固溶体Nb_ss,硅化物Nb₅Si₃和Nb₃Si等相,随着沉积层数的增加,Nb,Si含量逐渐增加,显微组织由接近于基体的细小枝晶转变为在最顶层的深色岛状Nb₅Si₃,灰色条状或岛状Nb₃Si及白色Nb_ss.     

喷射成形含铌 M3型高速钢的组织和耐磨性

采用喷射成形技术制备了 M3型高速钢和以 Nb 替代 V 的 M3型高速钢。利用扫描电镜、X 射线衍射、差示扫描量热仪和金相显微镜研究了 Nb 对 M3型高速钢组织的影响。喷射成形能有效消除宏观偏析,细化组织。以 Nb 代 V,提高了 MC 型碳化物开始析出温度,大量 MC 相先于共晶反应析出,呈独立的近球形分布于晶界,同时其尺寸减小。由于消耗大量 C,抑制了共晶反应,M2 C 片层数量减少且厚度变薄,其在热变形过程中更易于分解,进一步增加了组织均匀性。低温低载荷时含铌的 M3型高速钢抗磨损性能显著优于 M3高速钢,温度升高到500℃时磨损机制逐渐以氧化磨损为主,两合金的抗磨损性能差距减小,主要原因是大量呈弥散球形分布的含铌 MC 型碳化物能有效提高高速钢的磨粒磨损抗性,而其对抗氧化性能并无明显作用。     

添加剂对共沉淀法制备的VPO催化剂的影响

研究了添加剂对用于选择性氧化正丁烷为顺丁烯二酸酐的VPO催化剂的结构和性能的影响.催化剂采用共沉淀法制备,添加元素为Zr,Co,Ce,Zn,Sn,K,Ba和Bi等.催化剂性能测试在固定床微反应器内于常压下进行.结果表明,添加剂对催化剂性能有很大的影响.各种组分对正丁烷氧化的促活顺序为VPO-Zr＞VPO-Co＞VPO-Zn＞VPO-Sn＞VPO-Bi＞VPO-Ce＞VPO-Ba＞VPO-K＞VPO,而对正丁烷氧化为顺丁烯的选择性促活顺序为VPO-Zr＞VPO-Ce＞VPO-Zn＞VPO-Sn＞VPO-Co＞VPO-Bi＞VPO＞VPO-Ba＞VPO-K.XRD, FTIR和TGA/DTG测试结果表明,添加剂的加入并未使活化前后催化剂的本体结构发生明显改变.所有VPO催化剂前体均主要含VOPO4·0.5H2O,而活化后的催化剂主要含有(VO)2P2O7和少量α-VOPO4.XPS测试证实催化剂表面有P,V和O等元素富集的现象,而且表面氧物种数与催化剂活性直接相关.