陆马蜂Polistes rothneyi grahmi Vecht 的筑巢行为与习性

首次报道了陆马蜂（Polistes rothneyi grahmi Vecht）的蜂巢选址、建造过程、生态学适应性等重要生物 学特性,并对其筑巢行为进行了初步揭示.陆马蜂对建巢位置具 有一定的选择性,一般在蔽风、蔽光的树木上或窗檐下营巢;蜂巢以最初建造的4个巢室作 为中心,分别沿其连接处添加巢室,逐圈累积而成;蜂巢的形态结构是马蜂在长期生存竞争 中,与环境相适应,与筑巢、产卵、幼虫成长、化蛹等生命活动相协调,全面、整体进化的 结果：1）马蜂营巢的目的在于繁育后代,所以营巢过程要受繁育后代需要的影响,即产 卵、孵化、幼虫成长、化蛹过程的各种条件所需是巢室数量、巢室大小等的决定因素;2） 蜂巢的圆形,钹状构造及卵在巢中的附着位置体现了马蜂为增加生存机会而形成的对环境 的适应性.     

基于对称模糊数和最优h值线性回归模型的质量功能展开研究

模糊线性回归参数h决定模糊系数的可能性分布,影响模型的系统可靠性.分析了含有参数p的对称模糊数的模型,得出质量功能展开中具有最优h值的函数关系.当参数p给定时,考虑系统模糊性和系统隶属度两个因素,依据模糊线性回归模型系统可靠性最大的原则,得到最优h值;并将该理论应用于质量功能展开的实例,选取有代表性的3个p值,分别对应二次根型、三角型和抛物型对称模糊数进行讨论,得到对应的最优h值.在最优h值的前提下,分析对应的系统模糊性和可靠性的变化规律,通过对比分析,得到系统可靠性最大的函数关系.     

Specialization in the choice and use of spider silk in the nest of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) (Aves,Fringillidae)

The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs, is one of a large number of birds from many families that use silk in the construction of their nests. Thirty-eight chaffinch nests collected from around the UK were examined to determine the nature and role of silk in nest construction. A regular survey of web, retreat and cocoon silk availability was made at a study site close to Glasgow, Scotland, over a 12 month period. The only spider web silk found in the nests was of the type produced by cribellate spiders. The majority of silk in nests, however, was spider cocoons, but there was no correlation between the amount of cocoon and web silk used. Nests with more lichen decoration contained more silk, and cocoon silk was particularly associated with the attachment of lichen. Nest construction at the study site took place from late April to mid-May. When nest building began, the availability of suitable web silk had doubled from its winter (lowest) level; however, its abundance continued to rise sharply until the end of May. The possible influence of silk availability on the timing of chaffinch nesting is discussed.     

卫星激光输能模型与布站方案研究

针对未来空间任务的复杂性对卫星机动性能要求的提高,提出了利用激光输能技术作为卫星机动的能源解决方案;建立了激光传输距离、仰角约束的卫星输能应用模型,用于确定激光有效输能范围;描述了激光器输能时段的选择方法,用于确定最佳输能开始点和结束点;在此基础上,阐述了激光器的协同布站方案,并对该方案进行了仿真。最终仿真结果显示,基于该模型与布站方案,激光器能够完成对过境卫星的输能任务。     

鸟巢旅游资源的特点及其开发模式分析

奥运体育场馆的赛后经营一直以来都是世界各国关注的焦点。鸟巢作为北京奥运会的主会场,向世界展现了其无穷魅力。本文从旅游开发的角度,对鸟巢进行了全面审视,在分析资源特点和开发原则的基础上提出了相应的开发模式。     

Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog Rhacophorus omeimontis (Anura: Rachophoridae) in a subtropical montane region

Breeding behaviour of the Omei tree frog, Rhacophorus omeimontis, was studied during the egg-laying period (mid-April to late June) in south-west China. The operational sex ratio of the breeding population was male-biased at 3.0?±?0.8 (mean?±?SD) on a nightly basis in Pond A and 4.3?±?1.1 in Pond B. Pairs with a male clasping a female occurred in ponds first; the amplectant pairs moved to a neighbouring plant and then released foam in leaves 14–370 cm above the pond's water surface. Immediately, other males came to join the pair, forming an amplexing group of 2 to 7 males (for all 45 breeding units observed). Among the males no direct physical competition for possession of the females was observed. Females produced foam which surrounded the subsequently-laid eggs. The whole process of oviposition lasted 45–65 minutes. After ovipositing, males left the female, the female folded and lined neighbouring leaves with more foam produced to surround the eggs further. This process took 15–45 minutes. The numbers of eggs in a clutch ranged from 457 to 837 and eggs were between 2.9 and 3.4 mm in diameter; those two measures were negatively correlated with each other. Eggs hatched after 12–17 days; the larval period lasted 63–78 days. Fertilization success was positively related to the number of males participating in matings.     

Ecology and behaviour of the weaver ant Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) senex

Abstract

Weaver ants use silk produced by their larvae to build their nests. This behaviour is one of the more notable instances of social cooperation in animals; however, there are few studies of Brazilian species. This study investigated the ecology, natural history and behaviour of the weaver ant Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) senex in Brazil and showed that the weaver larvae have a fundamental function in nest building. The nests were always arboreal (one nest/plant), with a round form, beige in colour, and with leaves and shoots adhered to the silk nest. The average size was 34.24 cm and the average weight was 163.87 g; nests contained up to 50,000 individuals and several queens. Fusion and fission of colony parts were observed for C. senex. Worker ants were frequently observed feeding on honeydew, fruits and insects; and defended their territory. We suggest that C. senex larvae could be considered an effective caste, valuable in nest construction.     

一种扩展的质量功能配置模型

在对质量功能配置的一般理论、方法和质量屋阐述的基础上 ,提出了一种扩展的质量功能配置的概念模型 ,该模型把 QFD的功能扩展到对生产过程的组织、控制和考核 .     

基于网络分域的航空信息网络控制器部署方法

利用SDN的技术优势，可建立航空信息网络平台集中管控与资源统一调度的能力，显著提升网络管理能力与任务服务水平。 为构建SDN范式的航空信息网络，首先需要解决控制节点的部署问题。结合航空场景特点，提出一种网络划分与区域部署的控制器部署方法，首先依据网络关键性能指标实现网络的快速划分，接下来基于可靠性最大化在网络中部署控制器。仿真结果表明:所提算法具有较低的计算复杂度，并对平均请求时延、负载均衡指数、网络部署成本及可靠性等指标具有较好的优化性能，适用于解决航空场景下的控制器部署问题。     

冷轧螺纹钢筋材料性能的实验研究

本文对冷轧螺纹钢筋与冷拨钢丝的锚固性能进行了比较；对不同工艺生产条件下生产的冷轧螺纹钢筋作了分析，指出其强度、韧性等方面的异同。从而认为以主动式Ｙ型轧机生产的冷轧螺纹钢有更好的综合力学性能。