浅谈结构仿生在大跨度建筑中的应用分析

本文以结构仿生在大跨度建筑中的应用作为研究对象。分别从结构仿生方法的应用;结构仿生在大跨度建筑设计中的表征;结构仿生在大跨度建筑中的设计手段,这几个方面入手进行研究分析,总结和提取有益的设计理论和应用经验。本文通过对现代大跨度仿生建筑的研究,力图为国内相关设计方法理论与实践提供有意义的借鉴和参考。     

Model of Next Generation Energy-Efficient Design Software for Buildings

Energy-efficient design for buildings (EEDB) is a vital step towards building energy-saving. In order to greatly improve the EEDB, the next generation EEDB software that makes use of latest technologies needs to be developed. This paper mainly focuses on establishing the model of the next generation EEDB software. Based on the investigation of literatures and the interviews to the designers, the requirements on the next generation EEDB software were identified, where the lifecycle assessment on both energy consumption and environmental impacts, 3D graphics support, and building information modeling (BIM) support were stressed. Then the workflow for using the next generation EEDB software was established. Finally, based on the workflow, the framework model for the software was proposed, and the partial models and the corresponding functions were systematically analyzed. The model lays a solid foundation for developing the next generation EEDB software.     

山西大同古代建筑避雷机制之浅谈

大同古代建筑很少受到雷击，其主要原因在于采用了绝缘的方法和类似避雷针装置。不同建筑物。不同时期采取的侧重面不同。结合对山西大同古代建筑进行实地考察的结果，对山西大同古代建筑避雷的机制做了初步的探讨。     

小康住宅电气设想

针对小康住宅电气设计中线路截面、需要系数、配电型式、保护方式、电视、电话、保安对讲等作了初步探讨。     

Load Distribution Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings During Construction with Structural Characteristic Parameter Approach

High-rise reinforced concrete buildings are in great demand in developing countries with rapid urbanization. Construction engineers are facing more and more safety control challenges. One major issue is the understanding of the load distributions, especially the maximum slab load, of structures under construction, which is time dependent. Previous methods were mainly targeted to specific examples, providing specific solutions without addressing the fundamental issues of finding general solutions for load distributions in reinforced concrete buildings with different geometrical and material characteristics during construction. The concept of a structural characteristic parameter is used here to parameterize the main geometrical and material characteristics of concrete structures for generalized assessments of load distributions during construction. The maximum slab load for 20 different construction shoring/reshoring schemes is presented. The results indicate that the traditional simplified method may underestimate or overestimate the maximum slab load, depending mainly on the shoring/reshoring schemes. The structural characteristic parameter approach was specifically developed to assist construction engineers to estimate load distributions to assure safe construction procedures.     

高层建筑水消防系统设计案例分析

通过对国内外高层建筑发生火灾实例的分析，指出了高层建筑水消防系统的重要性和复杂性，用设计案例阐述了高层建筑消防系统合理分区、合理选择灭火方式和消防系统的方法。     

多层厂房织机上楼设计探讨

多层厂房织机振动结构动力设计、实测资料和计算实例。     

历史街区控保建筑空间功能的现代转换策略

通过现场调查与案例分析,阐述苏州历史街区控保建筑的保护利用现状与困惑,提出控保建筑可持续发展的原真性保护原则与空间功能的现代转换策略.结果表明:控保建筑的原真性保护原则应兼顾本体与外部环境的空间维度、有形与无形的价值维度、历史与现实的时间维度;控保建筑可以通过重点修缮、复原整理和有机更新等策略由传统居住向现代居住、文化和商业空间功能转换.     

农村装配式住宅侧墙送风系统室内气流组织研究

针对装配式建筑特殊结构形式对暖通空调(heating,ventilating and air conditioning,HVAC)系统新的挑战与机遇,结合置换通风优势以及装配式住宅建筑墙体空间结构特征,开展了装配式住宅侧墙通风系统集成研究.采用数值建模研究手段,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)计算平台,在诠释系统架构与运行方式基础上,重点分析了该新型系统运行效果表征关键环节,即室内气流组织效果.选择了夏季室内三种不同送风模式以及传统射流送风方式进行对比分析,并以风速不均匀系数、空气扩散性能指标以及通风效率等作为系统性能评价指标.研究结果表明:在相同的制冷量限定条件下,大面积侧墙下送上回和中送风工况的风速不均匀系数、空气扩散性能指标、通风效率分别为0.432、0.963、1.279和0.386、0.926、1.574,优于传统射流送风方式的0.552、0.483、1.081.尤其采用中送风模式下,室内工作区内温度较低,在满足室内设计温度的条件下具有节能潜力.该装配式住宅侧墙送风系统,不仅可提高室内热舒适性,而且能一定程度上降低建筑能耗,为装配式建筑与暖通系统的融合与一体化设计开拓了新思路.     

提高学校建筑抗震能力的对策建议

在对汶川地震中学校建筑震害调查的基础上,对学校建筑在建筑选址、结构体系、抗震措施、施工质量等方面存在的问题进行了系统的分析,并相应提出了提高学校建筑抗震能力的对策建议.为确保大震不倒,学校建筑应采用抗震性能好的结构体系,宜优先选用钢筋混凝土框架结构,限制使用砖混结构,禁止使用预制空心楼板及预制楼梯,禁止采用外廊悬挑式单跨建筑,推荐采用内廊式钢筋混凝土框架教学楼方案.本研究工作对全国中小学校建设标准的修订,具有重要参考价值.