Identification of Hercynian shoshonitic intrusive rocks in central Hainan Island and its geotectonic implications

Hercynian (Variscan) orogenic belts, including the European-NW African orogen, the Appalachian orogen of North America and the central Asia-Mongolia- Hinggan orogen, etc., are widely distributed in the world. Their extensions are often several thousand ki…     

The 3-D structure of shear wave in South China and the southward extension of Tanlu fault

By processing the CSND Rayleigh wave data with the matched filter FTAN technique, Rayleigh wave disper- sion for southeast China is obtained. The 4°×4°S wave dispersion of the pure path is calculated using random inversion scheme, and 3-D S wave velocity structure is set up. Incorporating the above-mentioned results with wide angle seismic sounding data, we studied structure framework and the extending of faults in this area, which demonstrates that the depth of Moho in South China varies from 30 to 40 km, shallower from west to east. The depth of Moho varies from 25 to 28 km for the offshore. The depth of the asthenosphere in upper mantle varies from 60 to 100 km. The depth difference of layers at the two sides of Tanlu fault is more than 10 km at the south part of the Yangtze River, and the fault extends downward more than 170 km. The fault exceeds the main land at Hainan Island and slips into the southern China Sea. Both Tanlu fault and the huge bend of gravity gradient anomaly are influenced by deep latent tectonics.     

The fluid inclusions in jadeitite from Pharkant area, Myanmar

A lot of liquid-gas and liquid-gas-solid inclusions were found in Pharkant jadeitites, northwestern Myanmar and their characteristics, geological setting and porphyroclastic jadeites with inclusions in them were described in detail. The results analyzed by Raman spectrometer showed that the component of liquid-gas phase and solid phase (daughter minerals) in fluid inclusions is H₂O + CH₄ and jadeite separately. The results indicated that Pharkant jadeitites were crystallized from H₂O + CH₄ bearing jadeitic melt which may originate from mantle. The P-T conditions in which the jadeitites were crystallized were speculated to be T ＞650℃, P ＞1.5 GPa.     

An experimental study of phase transformations in olivine under pressure and temperature conditions corresponding to the mantle transition zone

High-pressure polymorphs of olivine (wadsleyite and ringwoodite) are major minerals in the mantle transition zone (MTZ).Phase transformations in olivine are important for a series of geodynamic problems such as the mineralogical and evolutionary history of the mantle,mantle convection patterns,and deep focus earthquakes in subduction zones.In this study,we examine phase transformations in olivine with two compositions,namely Mg 2 SiO 4 (Fo 100) and (Mg 0.9 Fe 0.1) 2 SiO 4 (Fo 90),at pressures between 14.1 and 20 GPa and a constant temperature of 1400°C,using the newly installed multi-anvil system at the Laboratory for Studies of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI),China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).At 14.1 GPa,Fo 90 transformed completely into the wadsleyite structure (β),while Fo 100 remained as olivine (α).Between 14.8 and 15.6 GPa,both Fo 100 and Fo 90 transformed into the wadsleyite structure.Wadsleyite crystals were identified by two characteristic Raman peaks between 722 and 723 and 917 and 919 cm 1.They exhibit a bimodal grain size distribution:large-crystals with average grain sizes greater than 100 μm and microcrystals less than 10 μm.The population of microcrystals increased with pressure,apparently due to the increase in over-pressure (the difference between the experimental pressure condition and the equilibrium transformation pressure at 1400°C),which promotes nucleation and retards grain growth.All run charges contained large numbers of wadsleyite microcrystals,because of the low activation energy of the nucleation process.The experimentally observed microstructure may shed light on the morphology of wadsleyite observed in shocked meteorites.At 19.5 GPa,wadsleyite coexisted with ringwoodite (γ) in Fo 100,but was absent in Fo 90.At 20 GPa,both samples transformed completely into ringwoodite,which was characterized by the 798 and 840 cm 1 Raman lines.Ringwoodite crystals are euhedral grains (average grain size 10-20 μm),with well-developed triple junctions.The complex upper mantle structure in eastern China determined from seismological studies cannot be explained by the simple transformation sequence of the olivine system alone.Phase transformations in other pyroxene-normative components (including pyroxenes and garnets) and the interaction of these components with olivine may be responsible for the complex structure.High-pressure and high-temperature experimental studies on complex systems (e.g.olivine-pyroxene),combined with data from geophysical exploration,may help in establishing a more realistic geological-petrological model for eastern China and further our understanding of the possible physical mechanisms that are responsible for the complex structure.Such studies will have profound implications for understanding the dynamic processes in the deep Earth interior.     

山西临汾盆地中对应于S_2古土壤发育前后时期的一次湖退—

临汾盆地的第四纪调查发现,在湖相沉积层之上广泛覆盖着部分L3黄土层或S2古土壤层,表明在S2古土壤发育前后时期盆地内发生了一次显著湖退;在海拔稍低的一些区域,出现晚期灰绿色湖相层覆盖在L2黄土层之上的现象,表明在L2黄土堆积时期盆地内发生了一次小幅湖侵;广大的盆地区域都存在S1古土壤广泛覆盖晚期湖相地层现象,表明这次小幅湖侵结束于S1古土壤开始发育之时.盆地的湖退—湖侵变化证明,盆地深部"上地幔强烈上隆→减弱或渐趋稳定→再次强烈上隆……"这样的构造循环是存在的.同时,盆地的湖退时序差异也初步证明了"青藏高原的阶段性隆升对其广大外围地区的地貌发育有着重大影响和控制作用".     

Small-scale convection beneath oceans and continents

Small-scale convection supplies heat flow of ～17 mW m-2 to the base of stable continents where xenolith studies resolve the geotherm.However,effects of small-scale convection are difficult to resolve in ocean basins.On first pass,most seafloor appears to subside to an asymptote compatible with ～40 mW m-2 convective heat flow.These common regions are tracked by hotspots so uplift associated with ponded mantle material is an attractive alternative.Unaffected seafloor in the North and South Atlantic continues to subside with the square root of age as expected from pure conduction.The theory of stagnant-lid convection provides good scaling relationships for heat flow.For linear viscosity,heat flow is proportional to the underlying "half-space" viscosity to the 1/3 power and the temperature to change viscosity by a factor of e to the 4/3 power.The formalism is easily modified to represent convection beneath a lid of highly viscous and buoyant cratonal lithosphere and to represent transient convection beneath thickening oceanic lithosphere.Asthenospheric mantle with linear,strongly temperature-dependent,and weakly depth-dependent viscosity is compatible with both oceanic and continental data.More complicated rheology may allow vigorous small-scale convection under most but not all old ocean basins.Still viable hypotheses require poorly understood global features,including lateral variations of asthenospheric temperature.Seismological studies have the potential to resolve the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary,including local variations of its depth associated with small-scale convection.     

南海成因模式述评

南海的构造演化与其周边的板块构造运动有密切关系,一直是地学研究的热点问题。现对中外学者关于南海成因模式的观点、模式进行综述分析,讨论涉及主动成因10种,被动类成因7种,涉及代表性观点20个,每一观点都能合理解释一些宏观地质现象,也都与另一些地质现象相悖,还需要进一步修正、发展或用新的资料来验证。这是南海研究日趋成熟的表现,未来将会逐渐各个学说融合发展。从史学的角度讨论了"南海观点"之演变,认为未来主要趋向是研究方法多元化、精细化、定量化,认为南海与周围地块之间主被动关系研究、东南亚盆地群响应序列之间对比、岩石圈结构学、区域岩石发展史、不同学说的动力学定量对比与评价是未来的主要研究关注点,并充分考虑外围被动因素,融合南海的发育历史,并将中生代南海的岩石圈禀赋及历史融于其中是南海成因模式研究的重要方向。     

贵州泥堡金矿床成矿地质条件研究

泥堡金矿是黔西南卡林型金矿矿集区的重要组成部分,但在赋矿岩石、含金建造和岩相古地理位置方面,泥堡金矿具有显著的特殊性。本文通过对贵州泥堡金矿床成矿地质条件的研究,分析认为峨眉山地幔热柱的活动为泥堡金矿的形成提供了物质来源和热能来源,为含矿热液的形成和活动创造了前提条件,燕山期大规模的构造造山运动最终决定了泥堡金矿的定位和形成。     

青藏高原形成演化有待深化研究的几个主要科学问题

 青藏高原是研究大陆-大陆碰撞、造山、地壳增厚机制等大陆动力学基本理论问题的理想实验场所。本文依据中国地质科学院执行的3大项目（中法合作、中美合作、亚东格尔木研究）及其他有关研究的成果,从15个方面（包括9个地壳上地幔相关及6个派生的矿产资源和地震问题）论述了研究进展和有待深化的科学问题。