下地幔钙钛矿顽火辉石相稳定性研究及其进展

介绍了钙钛矿顽火辉石的晶体结构,概述了钙钛矿顽火辉石在下地幔条件下的结构及稳定性研究状况,并展望了钙钛矿顽火辉石的研究发展方向.     

Re-visiting barium isotope compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the implications

Barium (Ba) isotopes can be used as potential tracers for crustal material recycling in the mantle. Determination of the Ba isotope composition of the depleted mantle is essential for such applications. However, Ba isotope data for mantle-derived basalts are still rare. In this study, we reported high-precision Ba isotope data of 30 oceanic basalts including 25 mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments and five back-arc basin basalts. The δ138/134Ba values of these samples varied from ?0.06‰ to +0.11‰, with no systematic cross-region variation. Together with published data, we constrained the average δ138/134Ba of global MORBs to +0.05‰±0.09‰ (2 standard deviation, n = 51). Based on depleted MORBs that have (La/Sm)_N < 0.8, low 87Sr/86Sr (< 0.70263), and low Ba/Th < 71.3, we estimated the average δ138/134Ba of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) as + 0.05‰ ± 0.05‰ (2SD, n = 16) that is significantly lower than the DMM (≈ 0.14‰) reported previously. If a new estimation of the DMM is applied, it is unreasonable to infer that the Ba isotope signatures of the “enriched-type” MORBs (E-MORBs) could be attributed to pervasive sediment recycling in the upper mantle. We, therefore, conclude that the Ba isotope compositions of the E-MORBs could be sourced from the incorporation of subducted altered oceanic crust and/or sediments depending on the Ba isotope composition and other geochemical information of the local mantle.     

济阳坳陷二氧化碳气田的成因机制研究

二氧化碳气田是具有很高经济价值的非烃类天然气田，弄清其成因成藏规律，对进行勘探开发及综合利用具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过成因，地质条件扩地成藏的大地构造背景分析对济阳坳陷二氧化碳气田进行较详细研究。根据二氧化碳气田气体组分和碳同位系分析，认为济阳坳陷二氧化碳气的成因为幔源－火山岩浆型。     

滇黔桂微细浸染型金矿深部物源的稀土元素证据

通过稀土元素配分模式的详细对比和地球化学演化规律的研究，论证了滇黔桂地区金矿的成矿物质主要来源于上地幔分异，但深部成矿流体在运移至地壳的成矿过程中不可避免地混染了部分地壳（地层）物质，从而在一定程度上掩盖了成矿物质的实质来源     

下扬子区深部热状态与岩石圈厚度

根据下扬子地区区域构造，地温场和大地热流密度的分布特征，结合岩石热性参数测试结果和该区的地表分层模型，确定了地幔热流密度分布特征和壳幔边界温度以及居里等温面的埋藏深度。根据于玄武岩固相线公式，估算了上地幔介质部分熔融开始的深度。     

辽河裂谷玄武岩成因机理与盆地演化

认为辽河裂谷第三系玄武岩由两类原生玄武岩浆喷发形成，一是形成于地下７０～８５ｋｍ的碱性橄榄玄武岩浆，二是形成于地下３５～５０ｋｍ的拉斑玄武岩浆。两者分别为源区岩石局部熔融３．８８％和１０．１１％的产物。下辽河平原处于中国北方大陆地幔热柱、亚热柱之上。随着热柱的形成、拱起和岩石圈的飘移，火山活动由强而弱，由碱性趋向亚碱性，岩浆熔出位置由深而浅，源区岩石熔融程度由低而高。与此相应，下辽河裂谷盆地经历了裂前成穹、张裂破碎、拉张沉陷及拗陷４个阶段，裂谷由张裂而拗陷，直至消亡。     

Mantle olivine xenocrysts entrained in Mesozoic basalts from the North China craton：Implication for replacement process of lithospheric mantle

Mesozoic (125 Ma) Fangcheng basalts fromShandong Province contain clearly zoned olivines that arerare in terrestrial samples and provide first evidence for thereplacement of lithospheric mantle from high-Mg peridotitesto Iow-Mg peridotites through peridotite-melt reaction.Zoned olivines have compositions in the core (Mg# = 87.2--90.7) similar to those olivines from the mantle peridotiticxenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from the NorthChina craton and in the rim (Mg# = 76.8--83.9) close to oli-vine phenocrysts of the host basalts (75.7--79.0). Thesecompositional features as well as rounded crystal shapes andsmaller grain sizes (300—800 μm) demonstrate that thesezoned olivines are mantle xenocrysts, i.e. disaggregates ofmantle peridotites. Their core compositions can representthose of olivines of mantle peridotites. The zoned texture ofolivines was formed through rapid reaction between the oli-vine xenocryst and the host basalt. This olivine-basaltic meltreaction could have been ubiquitous in the Mesozoic litho-spheric mantle beneath the North China craton, i.e. an im-portant type of the replacement of lithospheric mantle. Thereaction resulted in the transformation of the Paleozoic re-fractory (high-Mg) peridotites to the late Mesozoic fertile(Iow-Mg) and radiogenic isotope-enriched peridotites, lead-ing to the loss of old lithospheric mantle.     

深源CO2及其对金的富集成矿作用

目的深源CO2与金成矿作用关系的研究是当前地学界倍受关注的前沿课题,介绍了深源CO2的特点。方法以国内外一些典型金矿研究资料为基础,结合我们近年从事矿床地球化学研究的成果,为深源CO2与金矿化间的联系提供了直接的地质证据。结果地球深部CO2储量巨大,且处于超临界状态,对金矿化有重要作用。结论深源CO2对金矿化的作用主要表现为运输成矿物质和提供巨大的能量两个方面。     

A case for mantle plumes

The existence of at least several plumes in the Earth＇s mantle can be inferred with few assumptions from well-established observations. As well, thermal mantle plumes can be predicted from well-established and quantified fluid dynamics and a plausible assumption about the Earth＇s early thermal state. Some additional important observations, especially of flood basalts and rift-related magmatism, have been shown to be plausibly consistent with the physical theory. Recent claims to have detected plumes using seismic tomography may comprise the most direct evidence for plumes, but plume tails are likely to be difficult to resolve definitively and the claims need to be well tested. Although significant questions remain about its viability, the plume hypothesis thus seems to be well worth continued investigation. Nevertheless there are many non-plate-related magmatic phenomena whose association with plumes is unclear or unlikely. Compositional buoyancy has recently been shown potentially to substantially complicate the dynamics of plumes, and this may lead to explanations for a wider range of phenomena, including “headless” hotspot tracks, than purely thermal plumes.