腾冲新生代火山岩的构造环境分析

本文在讨论腾冲火山岩微量元素地球化学特征的基础上，利用各种构造环境判别图对腾冲火山作用的构造环境进行了探讨。研究表明，腾冲新生代火山岩为具有岛弧成分特点的大陆环境喷发产物。     

深部储层动力学刍议

随着非线性科学的发展及其在地学中的应用,人们逐渐认识到深中储层并非是一封闭、孤立的系统,而是一典型的耗散系统,其含油气性受深部壳幔结构控制。借助非线性动力学思想,尝试提出“深部储层动力学”这一全新的概念及它的基本研究内容和解决问题的方法。     

Noble gases in corundum megacrysts from the basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China

This study presents noble gaseous data of the corundum megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China. It is known that no noble gaseous data of corundum megacryst have been documented before. The 3He/4He ratios (1.13-7.37 Ra) of the corundums from Changle vary from atmosphere to MORB values; the 20Ne/22Ne (9.67-10.75) and 21Ne/22Ne (0.0280-0.0372) data define two linear trends on Ne three-isotope diagram, respectively, along the MFL and the correlation line between atmosphere and MORB; the 38Ar/36Ar (0.177-0.194) ratios, the 40Ar/36Ar (280.9 -404.2) ratios and the 128-136Xe/132Xe ration with obvious 129Xe excess are generally higher than at-mospheric component, but the 40Ar/36Ar ratios are much closer to atomospheric ratio. The isotopic compositions of noble gases (particularly for He and Ar) of the corundums are similar to those of py-roxene, anorthoclase megacrysts, and mantle-derived xenoliths from this area, and those of man-tle-derived xenoliths from several areas in eastern China. Therefore, the noble gases trapped in the corundums probably are from mantle source, representing a ‘mixed fluid' produced by the interaction between the lithospheric mantle and fluids releasing from the convective plate. Both the noble gas isotopic compositions and the oxygen isotopic compositions of the solid corundums are not the characteristics of crustal source. These suggest that the corundums crystallized from mantle-derived magmas with minimal crustal contamination.     

利用接收函数方法研究大盈江断裂两侧S波速度结构

 利用研究区(24.2°~25.2°N,97.5°~98.5°E)内大盈江断裂两侧5个流动数字地震台站记录到的宽频带远震P波波形数据进行接收函数反演,得到台站下方0~100km深度范围内地壳、上地幔S波速度细结构.结果表明:研究区内,以大盈江断裂为界,其西北侧Moho面深度约为38km;东南侧Moho面深度为40~42km.断裂两侧地壳、上地幔S波速度结构存在显著差异,东南侧台站下方地壳和上地幔均存在大范围低速区;西北侧台站下方地壳内存在低速层,而上地幔中无明显低速层.研究区内的S波速度结构存在明显的横向非均匀性.     

太平洋火山特征与深部成因机制

太平洋板块边界和内部均发育大量火山,是研究地球火山的天然实验场。综述了太平洋火山特征与深部成因机制,表明研究人员对地球不同环境下的火山（包括大洋中脊、俯冲带岛弧、板内地幔柱等）进行了系统性研究,分别构建了减压熔融、俯冲板片脱水与富水地幔楔熔融、地幔柱高温熔融的经典模式。但目前学界对于板内非地幔柱型火山的深部岩浆起源以及浅部喷发通道等重要科学问题仍缺乏清晰的认识。未来需要采用创新观测手段,开展多学科交叉研究以取得突破。     

褶纹冠蚌外套膜的扫描电镜观察

用电镜观察了褶纹冠蚌的外套膜的表面结构,其内表皮表面是板块状结构,具沟和嵴,沟内和嵴上均有簇生的纤毛丛,纤毛长约8～9pm,直径约0．2μm,内表皮表面还具丰富的微绒毛和粘液细胞;外表皮表面也略呈板块状,表皮细胞轮廓较清晰,细胞表面的纤毛丛和粘液细胞明显比内表皮细胞少,这可能与外套膜内、外表皮所行使的功能不同有关。     

华南地壳演化过程及其构造格架

华南大陆基底由两大块体联合组成：即古扬子块和武夷块。古扬子块基底岩石主要为太古宙灰色片麻岩,古、中元古代科马提绿岩,新元古代蛇绿岩绿岩组成。而武夷块由角闪岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩等组成。地壳生长由西北向东南,由老到新具有由原始未分异地幔向超镁铁质→偏硅铝质→碱质前进演化。在华南大陆形成过程中,主要构造事件为两次碰撞、三次裂解的主体构造格局。大陆生长和构造动力机制均受地幔柱迁移所控制。燕山期以后,华南形成的构造格局为：扬子—特提斯构造域及太平洋构造域。