青藏铁路低温热管应用的能量基础条件

针对青藏铁路冻土路基工程中广泛应用的低温热管,研究了其工作的能量条件和工作效果.依据观测数据对低温热管的降温效果进行了分析研究,并采用有限元方法,在实测数据作为边界条件的基础上对低温热管的30年长期工作效果的变化趋势进行了数值模拟研究.对实测数据的分析以及数值模拟计算的结果都反映出相同的趋势:热管的应用有效地降低了土体温度,并在长期工作中能够持续降低土体温度.研究表明,在气温升高趋势下,低温热管应用于寒区工程的能量基础条件未有重大改变,并能够在30年的寿命期内持续地发挥作用,使应用这种热管的冻土区路基工程热稳定性得到保证.     

Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

超声波浸渍法制备MnOx/TiO2催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用超声波浸渍法、传统浸渍法和溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列的MnOx/TiO2催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)、高分辨率扫描电镜(HRTEM)程序升温还原(TPR)等技术进行表征,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO的反应条件下( NH3-SCR)对催化剂的低温反应...     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

Ti2AlN可加工陶瓷的快速制备及压痕行为研究

以TiH₂、AlN粉为原料,采用等离子体活化烧结技术制备出单相Ti₂AlN块体材料.通过对烧结过程中不同反应温度下产物的物相分析及显微结构观察,研究了Ti₂AlN的形成过程.结果表明:在700℃以下,TiH₂完成脱氢过程;当温度超过700℃后,AlN向脱氢后的Ti粉中扩散,并先后出现Ti₃Al、TiN、Ti₃AlN及TiAl等中间相;随着反应不断进行,中间相逐渐向Ti₂AlN相转变,从而在1200℃下保温5min获得了具有明显片层结构的单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷.对此单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷进行了压痕行为研究,结果表明低硬度以及压痕区内晶粒的微开裂是Ti₂AlN陶瓷具有良好可加工性的根本原因.     

烧结温度对钛酸锶铋陶瓷结构和性能的影响

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SrBiTi4O15陶瓷,并给出了各烧结温度下样品的电学性能,研究结果表明烧结温度为1100℃时材料的电学性能较好.     

两个“烧结”一个也不能少

“烧结”在矿物工程和粉末冶金两个学科领域都是核心名词，尽管两类烧结都是通过高温改变物料的凝聚状态，但已分别被赋予了互不相同的内涵，存在着一系列本质上的差别，不能相互取代。在汇编冶金学基本名词时，两个“烧结”应该分别列出，一个也不能少。     

Comparison of reduction disintegration characteristics of TiO2-rich burdens prepared with sintering process and composite agglomeration process

To reveal the impact of the composite agglomeration process (CAP) on the reduction disintegration properties of TiO2-rich iron-making burden for a blast furnace, the reduction disintegration indices (RDIs), mineral constituents, and microstructure of the products pre-pared by the CAP and the traditional sintering process (TSP) were investigated. The results showed that, compared to the sinter with a ba-sicity of 2.0 prepared by the TSP, the RDI+6.3 and the RDI+3.15 of the CAP product with the same basicity increased by 28.2wt%and 13.7wt%, respectively, whereas the RDI?0.5 decreased by 2.7wt%. The analysis of the mineral constituents and microstructure of the products indicated that the decreasing titanohematite content decreased the volume expansion during reduction. Meanwhile, the decreasing perovskite content decreased its detrimental effect on the reduction disintegration properties. In addition, the higher silicoferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) content improved the strength of the CAP product. Together, these factors result in an improvement of the RDI of the CAP products. In addition, compared to the sinter, the reduced CAP products clearly contained fewer cracks, which also led to mitigation of reduction disintegration.     

烧结工序的物质流和能量流(火用)分析

本文讨论了烧结工序开展物质流和能量流的(火用)分析意义,应用物质流分析方法,建立了烧结工序的物质流和能量流(火用)分析模型.应用该模型,分析了烧结工序的(火用)效率、(火用)损失,指出了烧结工序的节能方向和途径.     

烧结气氛对注射成形Fe/2Ni合金性能的影响

在H2 ,H2 N2 及真空气氛下对Fe/ 2Ni合金进行了烧结 ,讨论了烧结气氛对合金碳含量以及合金力学性能的影响 ;指出烧结气氛是通过H2 N2 混合气氛中H2 脱出合金中的碳 ,从而影响合金的最终组织来影响合金力学性能的 ,因此可以通过控制烧结气氛中的H2 的含量来控制合金中的碳含量 ,以得到所需的力学性能 ;并对合金脱碳机理作了初步探讨