乘员舱驾驶员位置微环境及人体热舒适分析

采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法对夏季乘员舱内驾驶员位置的微环境及人体热舒适性进行了研究。首先通过11个不同工况分析了空调送风温度、送风速度、太阳辐射强度、太阳高度角以及环境温度对驾驶员位置不同部位微环境的影响,接着基于Stolwijk人体热调节模型,采用Berkeley热舒适评价模型对乘员热舒适状态进行了模拟,得到了各影响因素对人体热感觉及热舒适的影响程度。     

P物质对大鼠星状神经节细胞的除极化

应用细胞内生物电记录技术,观察神经肽P物质(SP)对大鼠星状神经节细胞的影响.SP在1 μmol～10 μmol或更高的浓度范围内,供试35个细胞, 有28个细胞发生膜除极反应.用低钙(0.25 mm)或用含河豚毒素(TTX,1 μmol)克氏液灌流神经节,不影响SP引起的除极反应的幅度和时程.SP引起除极反应的同时常伴有膜电阻增大.当膜电位增大时,除极化反应幅度变小,反转电位为-80 mV至-100 mV.研究表明,SP对部分星状神经节细胞具有兴奋作用,使通过这些细胞的信息传递增强;SP对细胞膜的除极作用是由于其引起细胞膜钾导降低所致.     

钙及钙调素研究进展(Ⅰ)

解决细胞识别、细胞通讯、细胞代谢的调控、细胞增殖与细胞周期、细胞与抗病以及细胞对外界信号进行的持续反应维持等重大理论与实际问题。文中着重介绍了作为胞内信使的钙离子及其循环的重要意义、作为Ca~(2+)受体的胞内蛋白CaM的广泛性。作者认为CaM在细胞代谢调控中处于中心位置,对Ca~(2+)及其循环、第二信使系统CAMP和肌醇磷脂,甚致CGMP均有调节、协调作用;是调控细胞代谢的综合剂。     

Changes in intracellular pH and cell volume during the early phase of DMSO-induced differentiation of friend erythroleukemia cells

Summary Changes in intracellular pH and water volume were measured after treatment of Friend erythroleukemia cells with 1.5% DMSO. It was found that a continuous decrease in pH_i occurred, beginning 1 h after induction and a decline in pH_i of 0.18 was measured after 9 h. In addition a decline in cellular water volume, of 12% only 15 min after induction, and 23% after 9 h, was observed.11 December 1986Acknowlegments. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

胞外ATP对VK2/E6E7细胞胞内pH的影响

 利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（Confocal microscope）采用pH依赖的荧光探针Snarf-4F测量细胞胞内pH(pHi)方法,发现胞外ATP能剂量依赖（10~1 000 μmol/L）地降低人阴道上皮细胞株VK2/E6E7细胞pHi。当胞外加入200 μmol/L ATP时,能快速地使VK2/E6E7细胞pHi降低,此降低的pHi在洗脱ATP后可迅速恢复。这些结果表明胞外ATP能引起VK2/E6E7细胞胞内酸化。     

An intracellular toxic protein (Xin) isolated from Xenorhabdus nematophilus strain BJ

An intracellular toxic protein, designated Xin and with remarkable inhibitory effect on growth of Helicoverpa armigera, was isolated from X. Nematophilus strain BJ by ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. After placing neonates on the artificial diet containing Xin at concentration of 0 or 3.48μg/g for 7 days, the average weight of insects was 23.50mg and 0.55mg, respectively. The activity of Xin was lost by heating, freeze-drying, digestion with proteases or urea. The Xin molecular weight, over kD, was determined by gel filtration on Superose 12, and there were six component proteins analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results show that Xin is a high molecular protein complex inhibiting growth of insect pest.     

Morphological properties of nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons in primary somatic cerebral cortex (SI) of cat

With the techniques of intracellular recording and labelling, we investigated pain sensation and modulation of the somatic cortical cortex at the neuron’s level. After observing the evoked potentials from stimulating the saphenous nerves (SN) of 654 neurons in SI area of the cats, we labelled 30 of the neurons with Neurobiotin to preserve the distribution and the morphologic characteristics of the neurons in the cortex. Based on the tridimensional reconstruction in addition to the eletrophysiological functions, we found clear morphological distinctions between nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons (P＜0.01). This result provided new experimental material to illustrate the function of nociceptive neurons in somatosensory cortex (SI) and presented further evidence to support the “specificity theory” of pain sensation in terms of morphology.     

Freeze-induced shrinkage of individual cells and cell-to-cell propagation of intracellular ice in cell chains from salivary glands

The formation of intracellular ice (IIF), usually a lethal event to be avoided when cryopreserving cells, should, however, be enforced during the cryosurgical destruction of tumour cells. IIF has been investigated so far only in single cells in suspension. Because cells in tissues cannot be successfully cryopreserved, in contrast to single cells in suspension, the mechanism of IIF in tissues may depend on factors that facilitate IIF. We studied IIF in cell strands from salivary glands, which represent a simple form of a tissue. Their cells are connected by channels responsible for intercellular communication. A substantial fraction of cell dehydration during freezing occurs before cells are encapsulated by ice, and the degree of this pre-ice-front shrinkage appears to influence IIF. In strands with coupled cells IIF spread from one cell to adjacent cells in a sequential manner with short delays (200–300 ms), suggesting cell-to-cell propagation via intercellular channels. In strands pretreated with decoupling agents (dinitrophenol, heptanol), sequential IIF was absent. Instead, formation of ice was random, with longer and variable delays between consecutive darkenings indicating IIF. Results suggest that the mechanism of IIF spread, and consequently the degree of cryodamage in tissue, can be influenced by the presence of intercellular channels (gap junctions).