Effects of methoprene and juvenile hormone on the oxidative metabolism of isolated mitochondria from flight muscle ofLocusta migratoria L.

Summary In vitro applications of juvenile hormone III and a juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, were made to mitochondria isolated from dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of adultLocusta migratoria L. Both compounds completely inhibited oxygen consumption at the highest concentrations used. At lower concentrations, state 3 respiration and respiratory control were reduced but the ADP/O ratio was largely unaffected.     

猪生长激素基因启动子区的序列变异研究

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及PCR产物直接序列分析方法，对猪生长激素基因(pGH)5’-侧翼区(启动子区)序列的遗传变异进行研究，共分析了6头临高猪、3头玉山黑猪和5头蓝塘猪．结果表明：在猪生长激素基因启动区，共有10处碱基替换，它们分别位于：72位C→T，238位G→T，343位A→G，274位A→G，721位G→C。722位T→C，723位G→C，728位C→T，784位G→C，787位G→T．2处碱基插入，依次是180位插入碱基G。416位插入碱基C．新发现了3处碱基置换，分别是721位G→C，722位T→C，723位G→C和1处碱基插入，416位插入碱基C．     

Rapid growth cost in “all-fish” growth hormone gene transgenic carp:Reduced critical swimming speed

Evidence has accumulated that there is a trade-off between benefits and costs associated with rapid growth. A trade-off between growth rates and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) had been also reported to be common in teleost fish. We hypothesize that growth acceleration in the F3 generation of "all-fish" growth hormone gene (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) would reduce the swimming abilities. Growth and swimming performance between transgenic fish and non-transgenic controls were compared. The results showed that transgenic fish had a mean body weight 1.4―1.9-fold heavier,and a mean specific growth rate (SGR) value 6%―10% higher than the controls. Transgenic fish,however,had a mean absolute Ucrit (cm/s) value 22% or mean relative Ucrit (BL/s) value 24% lower than the controls. It suggested that fast-growing "all-fish" GH-transgenic carp were inferior swimmers. It is also supported that there was a trade-off between growth rates and swimming performance,i.e. faster-growing individuals had lower critical swimming speed.     

裸燕麦不同发育时期的茎尖外植体中内源激素与体细胞胚胎发生的关系

裸燕麦的茎尖开始拉长,小穗原基开始分化和小穗形成三个不同的分化阶段的外植体在诱导体细胞胚胎发生时,随小穗原基的分化和形成过程,要求外源2.4-D浓度越来越高内源生长素(1AA)和细胞分裂素(CTK)分析结果表明三个不同分化阶段的1AA/CTK比值分别为1.36:1,l:1.02和1:2.08,而脱分化的愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织中二者比值分别为1.81:1和5.10:1。我们推测,体细胞胚胎发生过程中内源生长素的高比值是要求大量提高外源2.4-D浓度的原因。     

增产剂在食用菌中的应用研究进展

本文概括了近两年来我国增产剂在食用菌中的应用研究概况,分别对激素类增产剂、复配微肥类增产剂和稀土类增产剂的应用进行了综述,并对其作用机理进行了分析。     

Prothoracic gland synthesis of 3-dehydroecdysone and its hemolymph 3β-reductase mediated conversion to ecdysone in representative insects

Summary The prothoracic glands of a variety of insects were tested for their ability to synthesize ecdysteroids in vitro. More specifically, they were evaluated for their ability to produce 3-dehydroecdysone and ecdysone using both radioimmunoassay and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Three categories of insect prothoracic glands were noted: a) those producing much more 3-dehydroecdysone than ecdysone; b) glands synthesizing almost equivalent amounts of each of these two ecdysteroids; c) prothoracic glands that yielded more ecdysone than 3-dehydroecdysone. In addition, the 3-oxoecdysteroid 3-reductase activity of the hemolymph of these insects was evaluated for its ability to convert 3-dehydroecdysone to ecdysone. The lepidopteran species tested yielded the most potent enzyme activity, although activity was demonstrated in members of other orders. These data indicate that the dehydroecdysone-ecdysone axis is not restricted to moths and butterflies.     

Biological activity of enantiomerically pure forms of insect juvenile hormone I and III inBombyx mori

Summary Biological activity of enantiomerically pure juvenile hormones was assayed by topical application on allatectomizedBombyx fourth instar larvae. JHs tested were (10R)-JH I [methyl (2E,6E,10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,11-dimethyl-7-ethyl-2,6-tridecadienoate], (10S)-JH I [methyl (2E, 6E, 10S, 11R)-10,11-epoxy-3,11-dimethyl-7-ethyl-2,6-tridecadienoate], (10R)-JH III [methyl (2E,6E,10R)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate] and (10S)-JH III [methyl (2E,6E,10S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate]. Among these compounds, natural (10R)-JH I was most active and the dose needed to induce 50% larval molting was 0.04 g/larva; it was approximately 12,000 times more active than unnatural (10S)-JH I. Though natural (10R)-JH III showed slight biological activity, it was only one three-thousandth of that of (10R)-JH I. Unnatural (10S)-JH III exhibited no biological activity at the levels assayed.     

Studies on the thyroid in transgenic mice expressing the genes for human and bovine growth hormone

Summary The thyroid glands of transgenic mice (TM) expressing the genes for human (h) and bovine (b) growth hormone (GH) were studied. The percentages of larger follicles inhGH TM of either sex were significantly greater than in the corresponding normal littermates, and follicles ranging up to 350 m in diameter were present in malehGH TM. In contrast, thyroid follicles were only slightly enlarged in malebGH TM, and were unchanged in femalebGH TM. The serum concentrations of T4 were significantly decreased in malebGH TM and not altered in the other groups. Serum concentrations of T3 were slightly, but significantly increased in femalehGH TM and femalebGH TM, but were unaffected in male TM of either type. Since the principal difference between these foreign GHs in rodents is the additional lactogenic activity of human GH, these results may indicate that the effects of prolactin can influence the development of the thyroid.     

三氮唑,噻二唑和四唑席夫碱的植物激素活性

首次对三氮唑，噻二唑和四唑Schiff碱的生物活性进行了系统报道，生物活性测试结果发现，这些Schiff碱大多数具有明显的植物激素活性，其中三氮唑的Schiff碱具有优良的细胞分裂素活性，四唑的Schiff碱具有很好的生长素活性与生根性能，而噻二唑的激素活性则稍差，生测试验结果还证明，氯代苯甲醛，噻吩甲醛和吲哚甲醛生成的Schiff碱生物活性更好。     

氨基苯氧乙酸乙酯类席夫碱的合成及其生物活性

合成五种新的p-氨基苯氧乙酸乙酯与芳醛生成的席夫碱．对其产率、物理性质作了首次报道，并对其UV、IR、1HNMR、元素分析做了表征．初步生物活性测试表明此类席夫碱化合物具有较好的植物生长激素活性．