双歧杆菌在胃肠道微生物区系中的作用及其粘膜附着机制

双歧杆菌是人和动物胃肠道微生物区系中的一种正常的厌氧菌，在机体肠道内发挥很重要的生理作用。关于双歧杆菌的作用机理及其粘膜附着机制等问题是目前研究的重点。本文综述了双歧杆菌的分离和鉴定、生物化学代谢特征、在肠道微生物区系中的作用以及附着粘膜上皮细胞的机制。     

南方鲇胃肠道嗜银细胞的形态学及分布规律初探

应用组织化学技术Masson氏银浸法,对鲇形目鱼类南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)胃肠道嗜银细胞进行了研究,结果表明,南方鲇的胃肠道嗜银细胞多为开放型,有梭形、角锥形、梨形、椭球形、楔形、蝌蚪形等形态,只分布于胃中,常以细胞群的形式存在于胃小凹底部胃上皮细胞之间和胃腺腺泡之间,从胃贲门部、胃盲囊部到幽门部,分布密度逐渐递减。     

Analysis of the characteristics of gastrointestinal motility based on Hilbert-Huang transform method

Pressure activity data as an important index of gastrointestinal (GI) motility can be obtained from the wireless radiotelemetry capsule. The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method, which is more effective to process non-stationary signal, is proposed to identify the characteristics of GI motility. We decompose the pressure activity data into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs),calculate the Hilbert marginal spectrum and attain the peristalsis characteristics of GI tract. The IMFs represent the peristalses modes of GI tract activity embedded in the pressure data. The time-varying characteristic of the method suggests that the HHT is suitable to accommodate other non-stationary biomedical data analysis.     

当前慢病防控困境迫切呼唤新医学和菌心说

 进入21 世纪以来,国际社会所面临的慢病防控形势愈发严峻,不仅对于肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、肿瘤等慢病仍然缺乏良策,而且新药研发速度也并没有随着人类基因组计划的完成得到提高,进而导致欧美以及中国医疗改革举步维艰,反过来提示当代医疗模式可能存在一定问题。结合国际上的研究进展,针对这些问题进行系统分析以及基于大量志愿者进行科学研究的基础上,提出“慢病的菌源性学说”,倾向于认为人体慢病主要是由于多种因素所导致的人体共生微生物菌群紊乱造成的,同时证明可通过纠正胃肠道菌群紊乱显著改善包括便秘、肥胖、糖尿病等在内的慢病症状。在此基础上,还进一步提出“心理活动的菌源性学说”,认为人类的心理活动除了与大脑密切相关之外,还与人体共生菌群密切相关,甚至不排除人类心理活动有可能是微生物菌群通过人体大脑控制下的机体行为所展示出来的一种表现。进而提出新医学理论和菌心说学说,认为人菌平衡是健康的标志,而人菌失衡是慢病的根源,而且人菌失衡的关键在于人体和菌群之间的碳源竞争。菌心说学说认为相对于人体的躯体和大脑而言,由人体共生微生物菌群所构成的“心脑菌脑”有可能是人类心理活动的核心、中心和重心,而人体则有可能是被设计为菌群微生态系统提供生存与发展作用的场所和工具。基于这一观点,不仅可望实现慢病防控与健康管理领域的新突破,而且还有可能实现对人类心理活动以及精神意识活动的物质基础的认知与升华,对于重新认识人类以及人类社会将有可能带来前所未有的新突破。     

A novel localization method for noninvasive monitoring capsule

0 IntroductionAt the present time , we developed the noninvasivemonitoring capsule of gastrointestinal tract successfully.After the capsule is swallowed by patient ,it cantransmitthe data to the data recorder outside the body through a434 MHz radio frequency data link. These data includethe normal physiological parameters in gastrointestinaltract ,such as pressure ,temperature and PHvalue ,etc .After the capsule passed out fromthe body, the datasavedinthe recorder were downloadedtoa workstat…     

协同共刺激分子B7-H4与消化道肿瘤关系研究进展

协同刺激分子B7-H4是B7家族重要的负性刺激分子,B7-H4通过抑制T细胞增殖、调控细胞周期对T细胞免疫应答进行负性调控,使肿瘤细胞逃避机体的免疫监视,促进肿瘤生长,B7-H4的异常表达与许多恶性肿瘤密切相关.阐述了免疫共刺激分子B7-H4的结构、免疫调节功能及其与消化道恶性肿瘤的关系.     

葎草提取物胃肠促动作用的实验研究

目的探讨葎草提取物对胃肠运动功能的影响。方法采用胃排空、肠推进运动实验法以及离体胃、肠实验法,研究葎草提取物对胃、肠运动功能的影响。结果蒸馏水组胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(82.53±10.69)和(50.88±8.68);葎草水提物大、中、小剂量(10.0、7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组,胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(53.83±9.89)、(48.98±9.75)、(62.75±10.56)和(60.19±7.77)、(64.98±7.41)、(58.71±6.83);葎草醇提物中、小剂量(7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组,胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(73.21±8.09)、(74.19±7.71)和(57.48±6.18)、(57.42±6.62)。与蒸馏水组比较,葎草水提物大、中、小剂量(10.0、7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组均显著降低胃内容物残留率(P0.01),明显提高小肠推进比(P0.01,P0.05);葎草醇提物中、小剂量(7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组也明显降低胃内容物残留率(P0.05),也明显提高小肠推进比(P0.05);在降低胃内容物残留率及提高小肠推进比,葎草水提物与相同剂量的醇提物比较,差异显著(P0.01)。在离体实验中,葎草水提物给药前后肠管、胃底环状肌的收缩幅度分别为(1.20±0.06)g、(72.01±4.27)mg和(4.89±0.60)g、(211.42±6.76)mg;葎草醇提物给药前后肠管、胃底环状肌的收缩幅度分别为(0.88±0.05)g、(70.20±3.26)mg和(1.43±0.17)g、(218.75±3.13)mg。与给药前比较,葎草水提物与醇提物给药后的肠管和胃底环状肌的收缩幅度明显强于给药前(P0.01);从给药前后肠管收缩幅度差比较,葎草水提物与醇提物比较差异显著(P0.01)。结论葎草提取物具有促进胃排空、肠推进运动的作用,且水提物作用强于醇提物。     

Botulinum toxin as a carrier for oral vaccines

Botulinum toxin is an unusually potent substance that acts on the nervous system to produce the clinical outcome of flaccid paralysis. To produce this effect, the toxin ordinarily proceeds through two separate but essential sequences of events. During the first, the toxin is ingested, it traverses a portion of the gastrointestinal system and then it is transcytosed from the lumen of the gut to the general circulation. During the second, circulating toxin binds to peripheral cholinergic nerve endings, it is endocytosed and then it acts as a metalloendoprotease to cleave polypeptides that are essential for exocytosis. Although botulinum toxin is antigenic, it ordinarily does not evoke an immune response during or after cases of oral poisoning. This is due to the fact that the dose of toxin that produces flaccid paralysis—and potentially death—is less than the dose needed to evoke an antibody response. In the recent past, the techniques of molecular biology have been used to generate an expression product of botulinum toxin that retains the ability to escape the gut and reach the general circulation, retains the ability to evoke an immune response, but has lost the ability to produce neurotoxicity. This modified toxin may have two clinical applications. The expression product itself may have utility as an oral vaccine against botulism. Beyond this, the modified toxin, or a truncation mutant of the toxin, may have utility as a carrier in the construction of other oral vaccines. Both potential applications could lead to the expression of oral vaccines in common foods. Received 29 December 1998; received after revision 22 March 1999; accepted 24 March 1999     

蠕动式微机器人结肠镜系统及模型

研制了一种新型的基于蚯蚓蠕动原理的内窥镜机器人,可用于微创无创肠道诊疗.机器人直径和长度分别为9.5和120 mm,由自行研制的直线电磁驱动器驱动.详细介绍了样机的结构、运动原理和控制系统,建立了与爬坡能力相关的力学模型,给出了有效牵引的数学条件表达式,并对表达式的有效性进行了试验验证.建立了在粘弹性肠道中的受力模型,研究了牵引效率、临界步距,并进行了离体肠道试验.该研究为机器人结肠镜的临床应用奠定了基础.     

胃复安对结石性胆囊炎胆囊切除术后胃肠功能恢复的临床研究

目的:了解胃复安对结石性胆囊炎胆囊切除术后胃肠功能恢复的疗效.方法:对2003年6月至2003年12月本科120例的结石性胆囊炎胆囊切除患者随机分组,设立对照组(实验及空白)进行前瞻性研究,观察期为2天,详细记录其肛门排气时间,肠鸣恢复时间,进食时间以及发生腹痛、腹胀有无情况.结果:观察指标(肛门排气时间,肠鸣恢复时间,进食时间)实验组较对照组明显提前(P<0.001),腹痛、腹胀较对照组明显减少(P<0.001).结论:胃复安使用有利于结石性胆囊炎胆囊切除术后胃肠功能的恢复.