雪野水库洪水风险管理研究

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,城市水资源缺乏的问题日益严重.运用漫坝风险分析理论,综合考虑影响漫坝的洪水、风浪、库容、泄水能力四方面的不确定性,建立了雪野水库大坝对抗洪水系列与风浪系列联合作用下的漫坝风险模型,对雪野水库漫坝安全做出评价.结合下游河道的泄洪能力、淹没范围等具体情况,通过风险计算及分析比较,提出了相应的水库优化调度方案,使水库在不增加工程投资的情况下,调蓄能力增加了1988万m3,提高了水库的经济效益和社会效益.     

贵阳市后坝至氧气厂排洪隧洞进口竖井消能设计

受地形及地表建筑物等因素的限制贵阳市后坝至氧气厂排洪隧洞进口消能工布置较为困难,经过多方案比较,设计采用进口竖井消能方式。通过水工模型试验进行修正,该工程技术可行、运行可靠、流态稳定。不仅解决工程难题,而且最大限度降低工程施工对地表建筑物的干扰,可供类似工程设计参考。     

黄河下游滩区洪水淹没损失评估研究

黄河下游河道泥沙沉积导致洪水漫滩频繁,严重影响滩区的安全,进行漫滩洪水淹没损失评估可为滩区防洪减灾提供依据.通过对黄河下游滩区洪水淹没损失调查与统计分析,利用回归分析提出了黄河下游滩区玉米、大豆、花生、林地与房屋等洪水淹没水深与淹没损失的关系函数,构建了黄河下游滩区洪水淹没损失评估体系.在对黄河下游东坝头一高村段滩区"82.8"洪水过程概化的基础上,基于构建的数字地形与地理属性信息数据库,对8000m~3/s、14000m~3/s量级洪水滩区演进进行了模拟与淹没影响预测,提出了滩区洪水淹没损失率分布图.结果表明滩区农林作物与房屋等淹没损失在同一淹没历时的情况下,随洪峰流量、淹没水深的增大而增大;淹没损失一般在洪峰时刻最大,低秆作物的淹没损失比高秆作物的大.     

多元热流体解堵增产工艺室内实验研究

针对渤海稠油油田冷采低产低效井,通过室内实验研究了多元热流体增产引效工艺在非热采完井稠油油田解堵及增产效果。室内实验结果表明:多元热流体解堵后,采油指数可恢复到初始采油指数的35%左右;同时多元热流体对稠油冷采井具有明显增产作用,多元热流体吞吐周期内采油速度较冷采有明显提高,平均采油速度由4.65 mL/min提高至8.37 mL/min,累计增油量220 mL。     

九八洪涝灾害的深层次原因系统分析

:1998年6月-1998年9月长江流域发生特大洪灾。分析洪灾形成的主要原因,除气候反常、降雨集中等自然因素外,也存在水土流失,植被减少,围湖造田,河道淤积,水利工程失修、老化,法制观念淡薄,投入问题尖锐,承灾功能脆弱,人口急剧增长,协调失误等深层次的问题     

吸取矿井水害事故教训 强化矿井水害的防治

阐述并分析了矿井水害事故发生的原因,提出了防治矿井水害事故的措施。     

滹沱河河道治理堤防护岸形式及其评价

文章针对以往防护堤坝存在的问题，提出了滹沱河河道治理堤防所采用的6种断面形式及护岸控导工程布置原则，并对滹沱河上游治理堤防及护岸工程措施进行了评价。     

建设多信道水情信息传输网是山西防汛之必需

山西地形复杂，暴雨洪水源短流急。建设多信道水情信息传输网是提高水情传输实时性、可靠性的有效措施。     

Pre-assessment on the loss and impact caused by large-scale flood disasters

Through intensive studies, we have established an index system for evaluating the loss and impact caused by large-scale flood disasters, and constructed a methodological system for pre-assessing the loss and impact caused by large-scale flood disasters. Through numerical simulation, submerged characteristics of large-scale flood can be determined. According to the characteristics of spatial corresponding distribution between land-use types and types of disaster-affecting subjects, we have realized spatialization for social and economic statistic data, and have completed spatialization evaluation on the loss and social impact caused by large-scale flood disasters using the spatial analytical function of GIS software. It is possible that large-scale flood can occur in the lower Yellow River. Flood management requires pre-assessment on the loss and impact caused by flood disasters. Nevertheless, there is no appropriate pre-assessment method for the lower Yellow River at present. By imitating the flood happened in Yuanyang, the north bank of the lower reach of Yellow River in 1958, we did pre-assessment on the loss and social impact caused by the overflow flood. We found that this method can be used to predict the types, quantity and spatial distribution of economic loss caused by large-scale flood disasters. This method can determine population affected by disasters and degree and spatial distribution of disasters. Indirect loss can be predicted as well using this method.In general this method can meet theneeds of regions affected by flood for planning and making decisions in fighting floods and reducing loss.     

湖南省近500年洪涝灾害时空分布规律

本文采用区域综合分析方法，将全省划分为１０个研究区：根据气候灾害历史记载，给出了各区历年洪涝灾害的平均等级值Ｉｖ，描绘了各区洪涝灾害的时间序列；探讨了湖南省近５００年洪涝灾害的时空分布规律。