Near-infrared spectroscopy-based quantification of substrate and aqueous products in wastewater anaerobic fermentation processes

In this study, a Fourier transform near-infrared （FT-NIR） technique was used for process monitoring of anaerobic fermentation. Orthogonal signal correction （OSC） method was used as NIR spectral pre- processing options. Calibration models were established and the validation of the method was per- formed with the sucrose, ethanol and volatile fatty acids （VFAs） contents determined by the anthrone and gas chromatography methods, respectively. Spectral range and the number of internal latent variables were optimized for the best correlation coefficient. Test set validation of sucrose resulted in excellent measurement of prediction performance and the correlation coefficient of determination is 0.930. Similar prediction statistics for individual VFA and total VFA contents were obtained. These re- sults proved that the NIR spectroscopy technology is able to quantify the contents of both volatile fatty acids and sucrose in wastewater anaerobic fermentation process.     

乙醇重整制氢对马来酸酐原位加氢制备四氢呋喃的研究

制备了两种聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定的γ-Al_2O_3负载型稀土金属催化剂(PVP-La/Al_2O_3,PVP-Ce/Al_2O_3),并首次将乙醇催化重整制氢运用于马来酸酐(MA)液相加氢制备四氢呋喃(THF)的过程中。同时,对比研究了一种PVP稳定的钯催化剂(PVP-Pd/Al_2O_3)催化马来酸酐加氢的活性。结果表明,两种稀土金属催化剂显示出比PVP-Pd/Al_2O_3更优的催化性能。进而,系统考察了反应条件对PVPLa/Al_2O_3催化马来酸酐加氢反应的影响。在优化的条件下,MA实现了100%的转化,THF的选择性超过95.0%,最高达到98.2%的THF选择性。     

霍山铁皮石斛醇提液对蟾蜍心脏及抗凝血作用的初步研究

通过在蟾蜍离体心脏中加入石斛乙醇提取液的方法,观察和分析石斛提取物对离体心脏的作用。结果表明石斛提取物：①能使心电幅值增大,心肌收缩力明显增强;②能明显使心率减慢,但是对延缓离体心脏衰竭的影响并没有显著效果;③具有一定的抗凝血作用。     

聚碳酸酯在超临界乙醇中的降解

利用高压间歇反应器研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)在215~286°C、3.1~8.2 M Pa条件下乙醇溶液中的降解行为。通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/M S)和气相色谱(GC)对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析,同时分别通过红外(IR)和气相色谱对固相产物和气相产物进行了定性分析,在此基础上,提出了PC在超临界乙醇中的降解机理和降解反应模型,并进行了动力学研究。结果表明:PC在乙醇溶液中的降解可分为3个区域:超临界区、非超临界区和中间过渡区。在超临界区中,PC可实现完全降解,其主要单体双酚A(BPA)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的收率分别为92.26%和88.92%。在超临界区PC的降解活化能为89.73 kJ/m o l;在非超临界区,PC的降解活化能为21.02 kJ/m o l。     

豚草籽提取液灭螺效果研究

为了解豚草籽提取液杀螺效果,取豚草籽干燥研细后提取醇溶性成分,制成浓缩液.将浓缩液稀释至0.1 g.L-10、.5 g.L-1和1 g.L-1进行钉螺浸杀实验.结果显示:0.5 g.L-1以上浓度的豚草籽提取液对钉螺具有迅速抑制钉螺上爬和毒杀效果,处理72 h钉螺死亡率达100%.     

假丝酵母Candida sp.木糖发酵生产乙醇

研究了供氧水平、培养基初始pH值、木糖质量浓度等条件对假丝酵母1779A木糖发酵生产乙醇的影响．结果表明：在温度（30℃）、转速（150r／min）恒定的条件下,假丝酵母木糖发酵生产乙醇适宜在半好氧务件下进行,乙醇产生的最适初始pH值为5．0,最适木糖质量浓度为60g／L,最大乙醇转化率为62．1％．假丝酵母木糖发酵生产乙醇存在葡萄糖效应,以葡萄糖与木糖的质量比3：1混合发酵生产乙醇时的产量比单独木糖发酵生产时的高57．6％．     

Corticosteroid effects on cholinergic enzymes in ethanol-treated fetal brain cell cultures

Summary In the presence of ethanol, corticosterone and dexamethasone inhibit choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in cultured fetal brain cells of the rat. These results suggest that corticosteroids may have an important influence on the activity of cholinergic enzymes in the fetal brain and may antagonize the effects of ethanol in this setting.     

BZSM—5分子筛催化乙醇脱水制乙醚

对ＺＳＭ－５原粉用硼酸进行改性后，考察其催化乙醇脱水转化成乙醚的催化反应性能，实验结果表明，经过不同的改性制得的催化剂，对于乙醇的转化率和乙醚的选择性都有较大的影响。文中还探讨了反应温度，空速，乙醇浓度等对催化性能的影响。     

LIGNIN ADSORPTION AND KAPPA NUMBER IN ETHANOL PULPING

INTRODUCTIONIt was reported that organic-solvent pulping process emerged in 1893,and then kleirert, proved that the lignin delignfied in the cooking was soluble in the ethanol water (EW) more than in the ethanol only, obtained a correlative patent in 1932.Diebold who worked in Paper association of Canada prompted the process, and pronounced a patent in the 1978[1-2]. In addition, non-wood fiber material occupies a much higher proportion to the material used in papermaking of china, so lo…     

The AA and ANA rat lines,selected for differences in voluntary alcohol consumption

Summary The offspring of rats that voluntarily select larger quantities of alcohol are heavier consumers of alcohol than the offspring of rats that tend to avoid it. Such selective breeding, repeated over many generations, was used to develop the AA (Alko, Alcohol) line of rats which prefer 10% alcohol to water, and the ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) line of rats which choose water to the virtual exclusion of alcohol. In addition to demonstrating the likely role of genetic factors in alcohol consumption, these lines have been used to find behavioral, metabolic, and neurochemical correlates of differential alcohol intake. Some of the line differences that have been found involve the reinforcing effects of ethanol, the changes in consumption produced by alcohol deprivation and nutritional factors, the behavioral and adrenal monoamine reactions to mild stress, the development of tolerance, the accumulation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism, and the brain levels of serotonin. It is hoped that these studies will lead to a better understanding of the genetically-determined mechanisms that influence the selection of alcohol.