Effects of water acidification on the distribution pattern and the reproductive success of amphibians

Summary Nine amphibian species were encountered in poorly buffered waters of The Netherlands (alkalinity 1 meq·l^–1). These soft water systems are highly sensitive to acidifying precipitation. The number of species as well as the percentage of waters which harbour amphibian populations are strongly reduced in the extremely acid pH-class . The reproductive success of amphibians is negatively affected by low pH. The eggs become heavily infested with fungi (Saprolegniaceae). In acidifying systems many physico-chemical parameters are significantly correlated with the pH of the water. Strongly acidified waters are characterized by low alkalinity, conductivity and ionic content but high acidity and high concentrations of (heavy) metals and ammonium and a high relative sulphate concentration. Culture experiments with eggs and larvae ofRana arvalis. Rana esculenta, Rana temporaria andBufo bufo show that apart from the pH, elevated aluminium, cadmium and ammonium contents may also affect the reproductive success of amphibians.     

Cardenolide glycosides from the adults and eggs ofChrysolina fuliginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Besides the known sarmentogenin 3-O--D-allopyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin-3-O-[-D-xylopyranosyl-(14)-2, 3-di-O-acetyl--D-allopyranoside] (4), four new cardiac glycosides (2, 3, 5 and6) have been isolated from the defensive glands of adults ofChrysolina fuliginosa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by¹H NMR at 600 MHz and FABMS. Compounds1–6, present in the adults ofC. fuliginosa, have also been identified in the eggs.     

UV照射—壳聚糖涂膜复合处理用于鸡蛋高温保鲜的研究

采用紫外线(uv)照射并以2%壳聚糖对鸡蛋进行涂膜复合处理,然后将其在34±1℃高温条件下放置一个月,结果表明与对照组(ck)相比,鸡蛋失重率降低5.3%,散黄出现时间推迟,散黄率降低58.3%.此外,蛋清中溶菌酶活性、蛋清透明度、表面色泽、光亮度及一些其他检测指标均好于ck组.     

Discovery of phosphatized gastrula fossils from the Doushantuo Formation, Weng’an, Guizhou Province, China

Globular fossils from Doushantuo phosphorites at the Weng’an area are for the first time identified as a gastrulation stage of phosphatized embryos. They are got from the fossiliferous remains after acetic acid maceration. The fossils are found together with formerly reported animal resting eggs and embryos of the earlier cleavage stage. The oblate-shaped fossils with the same size as those reported embryos and invaginate at the middle part into the embryos, show the characteristics of the late blastula to the early gastrula stage of the embryo development. This discovery convinces the existence of animal embryos at Doushantuo age and offers new facts for the studying of the affinity of related fossils, which are still controversial at present.     

饲用酶制剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究

选用35周龄产蛋高峰期蛋鸡480只,随机分成2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复60只鸡。以玉米—豆粕—杂粕型基础日粮为对照组,在此营养水平基础上添加0.05%的瑞特利禽专用饲用复合酶为试验组。结果表明:试验组产蛋率、蛋壳厚度分别比对照组提高1.65%和2.38%,并降低破蛋率0.248%,但差异不显著(p>0.05);饲料转化率提高2.41%,差异显著(p<0.05)。     

一类捕食-食饵模型平衡解的分歧性研究

文章研究了一类捕食者能产生休眠卵的捕食-食饵模型在第二边界条件下的平衡态问题.首先,给出了其正解的先验估计和平衡解 的稳定性结论,并利用能量方法得到其非常数正解的不存在性;其次,在一维情况下,证明了以 为分歧参数的条件下,系统在正常数平衡解 附近出现分歧现象.     

皮蛋模拟胃肠道消化物对HepG2细胞的影响

皮蛋是中国传统食品,其水解物具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌等功效,具有良好的医学前景,但目前皮蛋发挥抗癌功效的途径及作用机制尚不清楚。探究了皮蛋模拟胃肠道消化物(preserved eggs simulated gastrointestinal digests,PESD)对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。将皮蛋经体外模拟胃肠道消化处理后,进行细胞实验,用CCK-8法进行细胞增殖分析,研究PESD对HepG2细胞存活率的影响,采用碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI)染色标记的方法,通过流式细胞术测定PESD对HepG2细胞周期的影响,用western blot法测定细胞周期相关调控蛋白的表达。研究发现:PESD以剂量依赖性方式对HepG2细胞增殖进行抑制,IC₅₀为4.17mg/mL;PESD处理显著增加了S期细胞的占比(P<0.05),使HepG2细胞阻滞于S期;4mg/mL的PESD处理HepG2细胞24h后,细胞中cyclin A、cyclin E、ATM、chk2和CDC25A的蛋白表达水平上升(P<0.05),而CDK2蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05)。研究认为,皮蛋模拟胃肠道消化物是以剂量依赖性的方式来抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖,主要是通过ATM-chk2-CDC25A信号通路,上调cyclin A和cyclin E蛋白的表达,下调CDK2蛋白的表达来实现人肝癌HepG2细胞阻滞于S期,影响人肝癌HepG2细胞周期进程,抑制癌细胞的增殖。研究结果旨在为皮蛋抗癌作用机制的阐明提供一定的理论基础。     

酵母浓度对发头裸腹(氵蚤)种群动态和两性生殖的影响

在25℃下,研究4种酵母浓度(A:1×104 cells/mL,B:1×105 cells/mL,C:4×105 cells/mL,D:8×105 cells/mL)对发头裸腹(氵蚤)种群动态和两性生元素的影响.结果表明:发头裸腹(氵蚤)在高酵母浓度组下的种群密度明显高于低酵母浓度组.A、B、C、D组下,发头裸腹(氵蚤)的平均最大种群密度分别是197 ind./200mL、2 311 ind./200mL、4 545ind./200mL和8 985 ind./200mL.在高酵母浓度下,发头裸腹(氵蚤)的雄体密度明显大于低酵母浓度组.A、B、C、D组下,发头裸腹(氵蚤)的累计卵鞍数分别为45 ind.、741 ind.、1 282 ind.和897 ind.,含有2个休眠卵的比例分别为24.4%、80.2%、55.2%和39.0%.One-way ANOVA分析显示,酵母浓度对发头裸腹(氵蚤)的种群密度、雄体密度均具有极显著性影响(p<0.001);但对发头裸腹(氵蚤)所产的卵鞍数影响不显著(p=0.085).     

Adaptations of sea snakes that eat fish eggs; with a note on the throat musculature of Aipysurus eydouxi (Gray, 1849)

Features of sea snakes (Emydocephalus and some Aipysurus) that specialize in eating fish eggs are reviewed. Additionally, an earlier account of the hyoid musculature of Aipysurus eydouxi is corrected.

A new feeding mechanism, possibly unique in higher snakes, is postulated; fish eggs together with substantial quantities of sand appear to be sucked into the mouth by the contraction of a ‘geniomucosalis’ muscle which originates on the lower jaw and inserts on the oral mucosa. Other characters, which occur in two of the three egg-eating species, and which seem to correlate with this feeding habit, include: a spine on the snout (perhaps used for probing sand), strong consolidation of lip scales (likely to increase rigidity of the mouth border) and marked tooth reduction and loss (probably reflecting redundancy).