试论科学理性的认识功能

科学理性是一种认知理性 ,它的宗旨就是通过对科学理论或科学事实的哲学解释或分析 ,来揭示对象亦即客体的规律性 ,从而表明科学理性的完美。而一种理论是否完美是在一次又一次认识中完成的 ,科学理性的认识功能主要表现在解释、预见和怀疑上。     

农民收入的现状分析与对策

十六大指出增加农民收入是全面建设小康社会的重大任务之一。改革开放以后农民收入曾持续增长，但1997年后增速趋缓。究其原因，既有农产品价格走低等直接原因，也有农业组织结构不合理等深层次原因。因此，增加农民收入也得多管齐下：调整优化农业结构，推进产业化经营，引进、推广、应用农业高新科技，整顿、发展乡镇企业，加快城镇化进程，推行县乡机构改革，稳定关于农村的方针政策等。     

白马山自然保护区国家珍稀濒危植物资源调查研究

根据《中国植物红皮书》(第1册)和《国家重点保护野生植物资源名录》,白马山自然保护区有珍稀濒危植物共计37科44属49种(不重复计算,包括归化种),其中蕨类植物3科3属3种,裸子植物6科6属7种,被子植物28科35属39种,占四川省珍稀濒危植物总数的46 67%,占全国珍稀濒危植物总种数的12 63%.按生活型划分有木本植物29种,草本20种.本区珍稀濒危植物具有古老孑遗性,单型科(属)、少型属占绝大多数,中国特有属比例较大,占总属22 73%.白马山自然保护区也是银杉生态研究的理想基础.     

昆嵛山珍稀濒危植物资源及保护

报道了昆嵛山21种濒危植物资源的主要形态特征、分布和保护价值,并根据昆嵛山的特点 提出了相应的保护策略.通过对这些濒危植物的调查和概括,为昆嵛山濒危植物的研究和保护提供 了基础性资料.     

Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

On the origins and foundations of Laplacian determinism

In this paper I examine the foundations of Laplace’s famous statement of determinism in 1814, and argue that rather than derived from his mechanics, this statement is based on general philosophical principles, namely the principle of sufficient reason and the law of continuity. It is usually supposed that Laplace’s statement is based on the fact that each system in classical mechanics has an equation of motion which has a unique solution. But Laplace never proved this result, and in fact he could not have proven it, since it depends on a theorem about uniqueness of solutions to differential equations that was only developed later on. I show that the idea that is at the basis of Laplace’s determinism was in fact widespread in enlightenment France, and is ultimately based on a re-interpretation of Leibnizian metaphysics, specifically the principle of sufficient reason and the law of continuity. Since the law of continuity also lies at the basis of the application of differential calculus in physics, one can say that Laplace’s determinism and the idea that systems in physics can be described by differential equations with unique solutions have a common foundation.     

‘On the rocks’: reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats,India

Xanthophryne is a toad genus endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India, with two extant sister species – Xanthophryne koynayensis and Xanthophryne tigerina. Both species are local endemics and endangered. We studied reproductive biology of these toads and found that they are specialized to the lateritic rocky outcrops at mid-elevations in high rainfall areas. Xanthophryne toads have sporadic, multiple spawning bouts lasting 2–4 days during early monsoon. In this explosive breeding behaviour, we observed male toads to engage in ‘pelvic thrusts’, a unique and novel behaviour among anurans. Females oviposit in shallow pools in depressions of lateritic boulders where their tadpoles metamorphose. These ephemeral rocky pools have limited resources and they desiccate rapidly with a break in the rains. To mitigate the stochastic risk of desiccation and subsequent large-scale egg/tadpole mortality, females may disperse their reproductive investment spatially and temporally in multiple clutches, and tadpoles metamorphose rapidly. Here, we describe the amplexus, spawning and male advertisement call, and provide a comparative account of the life history traits of the two Xanthophryne species. These toads face numerous threats and are in need of urgent conservation action. These toads, seemingly well adapted to the isolated rocky outcrops, offer an excellent opportunity to understand endemism, mating systems, anuran ecology and behaviour.     

三峡库区乡镇干部心理健康状况调查报告

通过问卷调查法和访谈法对三峡库区范围内5个区县30多个乡镇及街道的乡镇干部的心理健康状况进行调查分析，分析表明三峡库区乡镇干部整体心理健康状况良好，但也存在一些问题，需引起高度重视。     

论“学衡派”保守的现代性诉求

"学衡派"作为文化保守主义的一个代表,它具有独特的现代性特征。由于历史语境的误置、评价标准的错位和二元对立的思维模式,使学衡派所体现的现代性特征长期与封建复古主义等联系在一起。     

一起主变间隙零流保护误动的原因分析及防范措施

文章分析了地区电网由于雷击造成的线路瞬时性接地故障,从而导致变电站主变间隙零流保护因与线路保护配合不当造成跳闸,致使全站失压的事故原因,参考相关规程文献,指出其存在的问题,并提出相应的解决办法。