Chronic mercury vapor poisoning of aphids

Summary Exposure of green peach aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), to an atmosphere containing mercury vapor resulted in a curtailment ofembryogenesis and larviposition by adults, and in the development by larvae and adults of a cuticular darkening of their legs, head capsule, antennae, cornicles and cauda. Mortality of affected larvae resulted from molting difficulties, particularly by last-instar alatiform female and male larvae. Greenbugs,Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), and pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), responded to mercury vapor exposure in similar ways.     

铜汞药金的模拟实验研究

铜汞药金（曾青金）是中国古代炼丹术中的药金之一。本文以曾青金制备的古代记载为依据，在赵匡华研究的基础上进行模拟实验。定量地讨论了温度、时间和四种盐的影响，并对古代记载的明矾、ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ，ＮａＣｌ，ＨＡｃ等加入的作用进行了探讨。     

The dental amalgam issue. A review

Summary Using an interdisciplinary approach, the current position in the dental amalgam controversy and the potential impact of amalgam mercury on human health are reviewed. Aspects of materials science, corrosion, mercury exposure, toxicology, neurology and immunology are included.New data on mercury exposure from corroded amalgam fillings in vivo are presented. The exposure can reach levels considerably over known threshold limit values. Also, measurements of mercury absorption from intraoral air are presented. The vital importance of avoiding a galvanic amalgam-gold coupling is emphasized. The symptomatology of a disabled patient, who recovered after amalgam removal, has been included.It is concluded that discussion of the dental amalgam issue has suffered from the lack of an interdisciplinary approach. It would be wise to learn from the lesson of acrodynia, and consider amalgam mercury among other possible factors in neurological and immunological diseases of unclear etiology.     

灰家堡背斜地质特征及其与金汞矿床关系初探

灰家堡背斜成矿带目前是黔西南地区最好的一个金矿带和汞矿带。金汞矿床的产出与该背斜及断裂构造关系极为密切。本文主要概述该背斜地质特征及其与金、汞矿床的关系。     

吉林省自东向西城乡连续空间大气汞分布特征研究

为了解水平中尺度气象条件控制下连续空间区域内大气汞污染特征,使用车载塞曼效应汞分析仪(Zeeman RA915+),由吉林省东部汪清县不间断行车至西部镇赉县,同步测定了近1 000 km沿线“城市-乡村”连续空间大气汞质量浓度分布情况.结果表明:研究区域内大气汞含量平均值为(5.99±3.19)ng/m3,最高值出现在城市区(长春市),最低值出现在乡村区(汪清县,敦化市和白城市辖区内).研究区域内大气汞含量空间分布特征表现为由中部地区向东西部地区呈逐渐递减趋势;规模较大的城镇区高于规模较小的城镇区,城镇区显著高于乡村区;东部地区与西部地区具有不同的大气汞浓度空间特征,上述特征与区域内大气汞含量受燃煤汞排放过程控制有关.研究区域城镇全域(含乡村)大气汞含量特征表现为长春地区(9.07±6.36) ng/m3,吉林地区(7.02±2.70)ng/m3,延边地区(5.08±2.06) ng/m3,松原与白城地区(4.70±0.98)ng/m3;城镇辖区内(不含乡村)大气汞含量长春市(16.41±8.65)ng/m3最高,镇赉县(3.47±0.60)ng/m3最低.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> measurement of PM<Subscript>1</Subscript> organic aerosol in Beijing winter using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Organic aerosol (OA) is a crucial component of atmospheric fine particles. To achieve a better understanding of the chemical characteristics and sources of OA in Beijing, the size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosols were measured in-situ using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer in the winter of 2010, with a high time resolution of 5 min. During this study, the mean OA mass concentration was 20.9±25.3 μg/m3, varying between 1.9 and 284.6 μg/m3. Elemental analysis showed that the average H/C, O/C and N/C (molar ratio) were 1.70, 0.17, and 0.005, respectively, corresponding to an OM/OC ratio (mass ratio of organic matter to organic carbon) of 1.37. The average mass-based size distributions of OA present a promi- nent accumulation mode peaking at approximately 450 nm. The prominent presence of ultrafine particles (Dva < 100 nm) was mainly from the fresh emissions of combustion sources. A Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) analysis of the organic mass spectral dataset differentiated the OA into three components, including hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking-related (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) organic aerosols, which, on average, accounted for 26.9%, 49.7% and 23.4%, respectively, of the total organic mass. The HOA and COA likely corresponded to primary organic aerosol (POA) associated with combustion-related and cooking emissions, respectively, and the OOA components corresponded to aged secondary organic aerosol (SOA).     

Effects of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) flower extracts on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Mercury(II) is an important factor in hepatotoxicity that can enter the body through marine diets and amalgams.In the present study,the protective effect of the Eriobotrya japonica flower extract(EJFE) on HgCl 2-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated.Five mg/kg of mercuric chloride in drinking water was given to rats either with saline or EJFE(100 and 200 mg/kg as intraperitoneal(IP)) for 30 d.The mercury levels in different groups of liver tissues of the rats were measured with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy(F-AAS).Also,mercury accumulation in the liver of the rats was modeled by using a parallel chemical kinetic model.The results showed that HgCl 2-induced oxidative damage led to a significant decrease in glutathione(GSH) and the total antioxidant capacity(TAC) levels,and to a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level.Accumulated mercury was 14.47% more in the livers of the stress groups than in those of the control groups(P<0.001),whereas the amount of Hg was adjusted to 13.49% and 13.93% in groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of EJFE respectively,as compared with stress groups(P<0.001).HPLC analysis of EJFE revealed that hesperetin and gallic acid are the major antioxidants in EJFE.Results demonstrate that flowers of the Eriobotrya japonica cause a significant protection against HgCl 2 induced hepatotoxicity in all diagnostic parameters by strengthening the antioxidant defense mechanisms and they may have a therapeutic function in free radical mediated diseases.     

四川道地药材:“川麦冬”中铅、砷、汞的含量测定及安全性评价

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定四川三台县所产川麦冬药材中铅、砷、汞的含量并进行分析,结果表明:9批川麦冬中铅、砷、汞的含量范围分别为0.011～0.030、0.077～0.48和0.004 32～0.016 90 mg/kg,均低于《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》和《中国药典》(2010版)中限量标准,但川麦冬作为保健食品,砷含量有超标现象,有必要对川麦冬的生产按中药材生产质量管理规范(GAP)的要求进行规划和管理,以期为川麦冬的用药质量及评估提供参考.     

TiO2-Ag2O复合纳米纤维烟气脱汞实验研究

使用静电纺丝法制备TiO。及TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维,脱除模拟烟气中的汞元素．对纳米纤维进行了XRD,SEM,EDX,uV—Vis及BET检测．研究了不同光照条件下Ag。O的掺杂比和循环次数对脱汞的影响,分析了TiO2-Ag2O的脱汞机理．结果表明：TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维为锐钛矿相,纤维直径在200nm左右．与纯TiO2相比,TiO2-Ag2O的吸光范围增大,对可见光的利用率提高,并且随着AgzO掺杂量的增加纤维对光的吸收也逐渐增强．TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维在无光、可见光及紫外光下的脱汞率均达到95％以上．合成的复合纳米纤维脱汞性能稳定,到第8次循环时脱汞率仍保持在95％以上．TiO2—Ag2O脱汞的机理可为银与汞通过汞齐化作用形成银汞合金．     

白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳的超微结构及元素组成研究

对采自河南董寨国家级自然保护区的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳样品进行了检测和研究,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了卵壳的超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测定了卵壳中的化学元素.结果表明:白冠长尾雉卵壳的表面晶体层、栅栏锥体层和壳膜层的厚度分别为20.8,220.8和62.5μm,分别占卵壳总厚度的6.8%,72.6%和20.6%;栅栏层有很多蜂窝小孔,其直径为(0.32±0.08)μm(n=30);卵壳表面有许多圆形或椭圆形的气孔,可能与胚胎发育过程中的气体交换有关,气孔横断面呈细漏斗状,在其上半部有颗粒状填充物.同时比较了白冠长尾雉野生和笼养个体未孵化卵壳中21种化学元素的含量,发现在组成卵壳的化学元素中,野生白冠长尾雉的Ca,Mg,P,S的质量分数w>1 mg.g-1,其中Ca含量超过卵壳元素总含量的40%;Na,Si,S,K和Al次之,w=0.1~1mg.g-1;Fe,Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,V,Ti元素的w=1~100μg.g-1;Ni,Cr,Co,Se,Cd的含量最低,w<1μg.g-1.与野生个体的卵壳相比,保护区人工饲养的白冠长尾雉的卵壳成分有显著差异,其中S,Cu,Fe,Al,Mn,Si,Sr,Se,Cr等元素野生个体与笼养个体相比,同种元素在不同个体上w的差异均达到20%以上.饲养个体对Fe,Mn,Si和Sr等4种元素摄入明显不足,而S,Cu,Al,Se,Cr等元素则显著偏高,这可能是造成董寨自然保护区白冠长尾雉卵受精率较低的主要原因.建议适当调整饲料中这些元素的配比,以保证饲养条件下白冠长尾雉拥有良好的营养供给,从而提高人工繁殖的成功率.