硫酸盐还原菌及其在工业和矿山废水治理中的应用

介绍了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的分类、代谢机理和生长影响因子，并就SRB在工业废水和酸性矿山废水（AMD）厌氧生物修复方面的研究进展进行了综述，最后提出这方面研究尚存在的问题。     

大庆油田地面系统的硫酸盐还原菌的分离与鉴定

大庆油田地面系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)危害严重,SRB菌的分离鉴定尚属空白,针对其不同种类进行杀菌研究具有重要意义.应用Hungate厌氧操作技术、绝迹稀释法以及"滚管"培养,从大庆油田地面系统的3种介质类型中分离到80株具有硫酸盐还原功能的菌株.对其中20株进行形态、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列系统发育分析.研究发现,液体培养基外观存在两种特征:一种为附着生长的SRB菌占多数,另一种为非附着生长的SRB菌占少数;地面系统的SRB菌主要分布于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)梭菌纲(Clostridia)占总数的65%,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)占总数的25%,δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)中的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum)占总数的10%.地面系统中SRB的种类比较新颖,存在新种的可能性很大,本源的SRB菌很少,大部分是具有硫酸盐还原功能的外源微生物.图2,表2,参11.     

浅层低煤阶煤层气成藏条件分析

针对我国煤层气勘探开发的难题,从煤层气藏的气源和保存条件入手,深入分析了生物气作为气源在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏形成中的重要性,并研究了盖层条件、水文地质条件及甲烷菌的生气条件在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏的形成和保存过程中所起的作用.认为中国煤层气的勘探开发不应受氧化带的限制,在煤层上覆封盖条件较好的浅层寻找浅层低煤阶煤层气藏可能获得良好的经济效益.     

新疆达坂城盐湖中度嗜盐菌的分类研究

中度嗜盐菌作为一类新型微生物资源,已经在很多方面应用.从新疆达坂城盐湖18个样品分离得到17株中度嗜盐菌,其中11株为革兰氏阳性,6株为革兰氏阴性.并在中科院微生物所完成表型测定.文章研究的目的在于对该地区中度嗜盐菌进行分类鉴定.     

紫色非硫光合细菌培养基条件优化的研究

采用光合细菌中的紫色非硫细菌为材料,通过单因素试验和正交试验分析了其对碳源、氮源、酵母膏和复合无机盐的利用能力.结果表明,乙酸钠和酵母膏对紫色非硫细菌的生长影响达到显著水平;其优化培养基为每升中含乙酸钠3 g、氯化铵3 g、酵母膏0.1 g,复合无机盐溶液1 mL,这为快速培养高活性光合细菌奠定了基础.     

一株具抗肿瘤活性的北极细菌的筛选及分子鉴定

在中国首次北极科学考察期间，从北极海域采集了水体，沉积物等样品，从中分离得到一批嗜冷细菌，采用MTT法对这些北极海洋细菌进行了细胞毒活性物质的筛选，得到一株具有细胞毒活性的菌株。采用16SrDNA序列分析及系统发育分析方法对该株菌株进行了分子鉴定。     

Hydrogen Production with High Evolution Rate and High Yield by Immobilized Cells of Hydrogen-producing Bacteria Strain B49 in a Column Reactor

To improve the hydrogen evolution rate in continuous hydrogen production of a novel fermentative hydrogen-producing bacteria strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL), 4 % immobilized cells by polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate in a column reactor obtain hydrogen yield of 2.31 mol H2/mol glucose and hydrogen evolution rate of 1435.4 ml/L culture*h respectively at medium retention time of 2.0 h with a medium containing 10g glucose/L. Moreover, as the cell density in gel beads is increased to 8%, hydrogen yield and hydrogen evolution rate for 10g glucose/L are 2.34 mol H2/mol glucose and 2912.4 ml/L culture*h respectively at medium retention time of 1.0 h, and for molasses wastewater COD of 7505.9 mg/L hydrogen production potential of 205.6 ml/g COD and hydrogen evolution rate of 2057.7 ml/L culture*h at hydraulic retention time of 0.75 h are observed. In the continuous culture pH value keeps around 3.9 by self-regulating.     

采用生物统计法优化光合细菌产类胡萝卜素条件的研究

对一株类胡萝卜素含量较高的紫色非硫细菌红杆菌属的7—1菌株采用生物统计学上的正交实验法,分别进行四因子3水平和五因子4水平的正交实验,获得类胡萝卜素产量相对较高的培养条件,以乳酸钠为碳源,谷氨酸钠为氮源,酵母青为生长因子,5mg/L MgSO_4,2mg/L Fe_2(SO_4)_3,1500～2000lx光照度,28—30℃,微好氧培养48h。在此条件下,7—1菌株的类胡萝卜素产量由21.9mg/g_(干菌体)提局到54.7mmg/g_(干菌体)。     

Ecology and physiology of phototrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine salterns

Marine salterns are habitats for a large variety of halophilic bacteria. In the anoxic zones, halophilic sulfur bacteria develop mainly at the sediment surface, but only a few of them have so far been isolated from such environments. Among the phototrophic sulfur bacteria that sometimes form purple layers underneath the green cyanobacterial layers, members of the generaEctothiodhodospira, Chromatium (C. salexigens), Thiocapsa (T. halophila) were isolated. They grow by using sulfide as an electron donor. In the marine salterns, sulfide originates from active sulfate reduction. Among the halophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, onlyDesulfovibrio halophilus andDesulfohalobium retbaense have so far been isolated. The ecology and physiology of both kinds of bacteria are discussed in this paper.     

光合细菌P—3作为几种浮游动物与鱼类饵料添加剂的试验

本试验系采用福州菜地沟泥分离和培养出来的光含细菌P-3菌液作为饵料添加剂,培养发头裸腹(?)和花箧臂尾轮虫均有增产效果;培养短盖巨脂鲤鱼苗、革胡子鲶鱼苗和饲养鹤顶红金鱼均提高成活率,同时,可减少水体的换水次数。试验表明,此细菌有开发和利用的价值。