淮河流域典型闸坝断面的生态综合评价

为分析淮河流域的闸、坝等水利设施对水生态环境的影响,采用多种生物指数法对淮河流域典型闸坝断面的生态系统现状进行了综合评价。结果表明,大多数水库处在生态稳定的健康状态;64%的所调查评价的河流生态系统处在不健康或亚健康状态。淮河干流水生态与水环境优劣的突变点在临淮岗,临淮岗以上的河段污染较轻;临淮岗以下河段污染较重。建议统筹考虑流域闸坝间水量联合调度与水污染源控制的共同作用,以使淮河流域水生态尽快得到恢复改善。     

基于未确知测度模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价

针对尾矿库溃坝风险分级预测评价中诸多因素不确定性问题,应用未确知测度理论与尾矿库溃坝风险评价标准并结合工程实际,根据尾矿库溃坝的特点及成因,选取防洪设计标准等16项未确知测度函数评价指标,建立尾矿库溃坝风险分级预测的未确知测度评价模型.根据广东省大宝山矿业有限公司槽对坑尾矿库的实际情况建立各评价因子的未确知测度函数,对其进行定量分析,并利用信息熵计算各评价指标的权重,依照置信度识别准则进行等级判定,最后得出尾矿库溃坝风险评价分级预测的评价结果.研究结果表明:该方法不仅能给出尾矿库运行期的安全等级,并且能够更客观地反映尾矿库工程运行危险源的情况,为尾矿库溃坝危险性的评价提供了一种新的评价方法.     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.     

水库闸坝自动化监控系统浅析

水库闸坝自动化监控系统对于提高闸坝的运行管理水平和组建流域水文调度系统具有重要作用。该系统具有远程控制与调节能力、大坝安全检测系统及自动监控系统，为水库的安全运行提供有力的保障。     

拱坝横缝配筋动力响应的模型试验和计算分析

配置横向跨缝钢筋后,拱坝在动力荷载下的非线性响应是高拱坝领域的一个重要课题。该文在采用脆性材料制作的带横缝配筋拱坝模型的基础上,通过振动台模型试验研究了带横缝拱坝在谐波和地震波作用下的动力响应,并运用改进的拱坝非线性分析有限元程序ADAP-88(增加配筋数值模型)进行计算比较。试验结果验证了横向配筋数值分析模型的正确性,揭示出带横缝拱坝在地震荷载作用下的一些反应规律,包括配置跨缝钢筋可明显减小强震作用下横缝的张开度,防止止水遭到破坏,并明显提高拱坝的整体性。     

Discussion on construction and type selection of China high dams

At the beginning of 21^st century, with the rapid and steady development of China economy, a lot of large scale hydropower projects with large dams from 200 m to 300 m high are being or to be built. China dam constructions are reaching the level of 300 m high arch dam, 250 high CFRD （ concrete face rockfill dam） and 200 m high RCC （roller compacted concrete） gravity dam. Due to the safety and the economy, the type selection for high dams has become the key issue during the argumentation for the hydropower projects, and further efforts are still needed in this aspect for high dams. After reviewing the high dam constructions in China and abroad, authors proposed some advices for the selection of dam types, and hope that it can provide some helpful information for the researches and the design of high dams.     

拱坝坝型的计算机辅助设计

本文针对拱坝设计制图存在的问题,运用计算数学、计算机辅助几何设计、计算机图形学等知识,结合工程实例从理论上进行了分析研究,建立了控制坝体形状的数学模型,总结出了拱坝坝型的造型设计方法和步骤,编制出一个拱坝坝型的遣形设计通用软件系统 AD—CAGD.作者运用该系统对工程实例进行了造型设计,所提出的方案在 VAX-11/785及 APOLLO DOMAIN3000计算机上运行通过,验证了本文所提理论、方法、步骤及软件系统的正确性和优越性。     

基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟

为了模拟重力坝在强震作用下的破坏过程,利用扩展有限元框架下的分离裂纹模型描述混凝土中的裂纹扩展。该模型通过富集非连续位移模式使得对裂纹的几何描述独立于网格边界。利用动力扩展有限元法,提出了集中质量矩阵处理方案,并在通用软件ABAQU S上进行了嵌入。对印度K oyna重力坝在强震下的开裂过程,应用该方案进行了数值模拟。结果表明:用该方案求解非连续界面动力接触问题,既不损失精度,又能避免不稳定性。     

小湾拱坝基岩抗剪强度测定和破坏机理探讨

通过在３００ｍ级的小湾高拱坝坝区的片麻岩上进行的１０组现场岩体抗剪试验的研究，确定了坝基岩石的强度，提出了预报岩体强度的新方法，并利用断裂力学理论分析了岩体的剪切破坏机理，收到预期效果．所得成果已在小湾拱坝初步设计中被采用     

利用原型观测资料反馈大坝的安全监控指标

安全监控指标是监测大坝安全的重要指标.笔者利用原型观测资料,以稳定、强度和抗裂为控制条件,提出四种方法(典型监测量的小概率法、安全系数法、一阶矩极限状态法和二阶矩极限状态法)拟定大坝的安全监控指标.文中详细论述了这些方法的原理,同时还应用这些方法和原理拟定某重力坝的安全监控指标.这些指标已用于某坝的安全监控,效果良好.