纺丝工艺及后处理对羟乙基纤维素纤维结构及拉伸性能的影响

以棉短绒浆粕为原料,在不同的纺丝条件下制备了羟乙基纤维素(HEC)纤维,并对所制备纤维的结构及拉伸性能进行了分析.结果表明:当喷头拉伸率从-55.7%增加到-25.3%时,纤维的干态断裂强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,说明喷头拉伸率不宜太高,否则不利于纤维干态断裂强度和塑化拉伸比的提高;当喷头拉伸率固定时,随着塑化拉伸比的提高,纤维的干态断裂强度显著增加,可达2.2cN/dtex.傅里叶变换红外测试结果表明,戊二醛与HEC纤维发生了交联反应,交联后纤维的湿态断裂强度明显提高,其湿态断裂强度从原来的0.57cN/dtex提高到1.10cN/dtex.     

离子交换树脂固定接枝脂肪酶

 酶法是制取生物柴油的一种新型方法,而酶的重复利用率直接影响该法的运行成本.本文采用吸附法将碱性脂肪酶L4固定在4种不同树脂上,对比了利用不同树脂和在不同酶液浓度条件下的固定化效果,然后采用吸附-交联法将脂肪酶固定在树脂DK110上,考查交联方式和交联剂浓度对酶固定化的影响以及固定化酶的重复使用稳定性.结果表明：大孔型离子交换树脂DK110的固定化效果最好,酶液浓度对脂肪酶固定化影响显著.交联方式对固定化效果有显著影响,酶液先与戊二醛混合后加入树脂载体(JL1)所获得的酶活最大(340U/g),酶液、戊二醛与树脂载体同时混合(JL2)重复使用稳定性最好.该研究为固定酶法制取生物柴油奠定了基础.     

溶剂的选取对热交联CTP版材性能的影响

本文中叙述了溶剂的挥发程度,挥发速率对版材性能的影响,通过把乙二醇独乙醚丙酮,乙二醇独乙醚乙酸酯,环己酮等分别做为溶剂或两种溶剂的混合物与成膜树脂,红外吸收染料,碘盐,酸增值剂,交联剂,背景染料等其它助剂配制成热敏CTP感光液,并且对热敏CTP版材的化学性能和成像质量进行比较和分析,得出乙二醇独乙醚与环己酮的混合物溶剂对版材的成像效果最佳.     

交联阳离子淀粉对糖蜜酒精废液的脱色性能研究

为探索一种高效简便的糖蜜酒精废液脱色方法,本实验采用交联阳离子淀粉对糖蜜酒精废液进行脱色处理,考察了交联阳离子淀粉用量,废液初始pH值,搅拌吸附时间及吸附温度4个因素对糖蜜酒精废液脱色率的影响,通过正交实验,确定了最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明:在室温下,当交联阳离子淀粉投加量4.5 g/L,废液初始pH 9.0,吸附时间7 min时,脱色率可达85.7%,脱色效果优异,操作简便.     

纳米鱼骨增强鱼肉肌动球蛋白凝胶强度的机制研究

比较研究了添加CaCl₂、纳米鱼骨(NFB)、纳米羟基磷灰石(HAP)和纳米羟基磷灰石＋胶原蛋白(HAP+CLG)对白鲢肌动球蛋白胶凝特性的影响,以探究NFB增强鱼肉蛋白凝胶强度的影响机制。NFB和CaCl₂组钙离子浓度相同,NFB和HAP粒径相同。NFB组肌动球蛋白凝胶的破断力与CaCl₂组无显著性差异(p>0.05),但是显著高于HAP组和HAP+CLG组(p<0.05)。5组肌动球蛋白凝胶的表面疏水性、总巯基含量和微观结构无显著性差异(p>0.05)。在SDS-PAGE图谱中,对照组的肌球蛋白重链二聚体(MHC₂)条带不显著,HAP和HAP+CLG组的MHC₂条带较显著,CaCl₂组和NFB组MHC₂条带的强度显著高于HAP组和HAP+CLG组。结果表明,纳米鱼骨增强肌动球蛋白凝胶强度的主要机制是通过激活内源性TGase,促进肌球蛋白重链共价交联形成二聚体。     

聚硅氧烷乳液交联制备脱模剂的工艺条件研究

以二甲基硅氧烷混合环体（DMC）为原料,利用乳液聚合法制得聚硅氧烷乳液,并用乙醇醇解甲基三氯硅烷所得的甲基三乙氧基硅烷进行乳液交联,最后以三甲基氯硅烷作为封端剂为其封端.研究了交联温度、交联反应时间、交联剂用量以及封端剂用量对乳液的影响,并确定了最适宜的反应条件,即交联温度为（60±5）℃,交联时间4h左右,交联剂用量为DMC质量的34％～46％,封端剂用量为DMC质量的5％～7％.     

新型印花糊料的研究及应用

通过对淀粉的醚化、交联 ,制备了性能良好、价格低廉的印花糊料PA -CMS。     

高强度超强吸水剂研究

采用低温下引发 ,高温下聚合和干燥产品的新实验方法 ,通过对影响该反应的主要因素如引发反应温度、聚合及产物干燥温度 ,单体、引发剂及交联剂质量分数以及中和度等系统地考察 ,制得了高强度超强吸水剂——交联聚丙烯酸钠 .该吸水剂吸水率高 ,且具有很好的凝胶强度     

PMMA-based Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Crosslinking Network

The lithium-ion battery has a good rate capability and low-temperature performance, but its safety is relatively low due to the possibility of leakage of liquid electrolyte. The use of a solid or gel type electrolyte can lower the probability of leakage liquid electrolyte, and the electrochemical performance of gel electrolyte doesn＇t decrease so markedly as the solid electrolyte. Now, new types of advanced lithium-ion battery with gel polymer electrolytes are under developing which can be used in the future.     

Carcinogenesis switched on by DNA cross-link between complementary bases aroused by aflatoxin and N-nitroso compounds

The di-region theory put forward by Dai Qianhuan, a molecular mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, concluded that the carcinogenesis induced by most of the environmental carcinogens is switched on by the cross-linking between DNA complementary bases aroused by the bifunctional alkylation of their metabolic intermediates. It was evidenced in this paper with DNA filter elution method that one carcinogenic mycotoxin, aflatoxin G1, four carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, N-nitrosodiethyl-amine, N-nitrosodibutyl-amine, N-nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine, one carcinogenic diazo color, 4-dimethylaminodiazobenzene and one carcinogenic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, quinoline, all induced DNA interstrands cross-linking with dosage correlation after metabolic activation. However, the non-carcinogens in corresponding series for control, aflatoxin B2, N-nitroso-diphenylamine, 4′-bromo-4-dimethylaminodiazobenzene and isoquinoline, cannot induce DNA interstrands cross-linking at all in the same condition. A method for the determination of cross-linking ratio between DNA complementary bases in total DNA interstrands cross-linking, which has no monitoring measure as yet, has been established for the first time based upon a 24 hour repairing experiment. The DNA complementary pair cross-linking ratio induced by a metabolized carcinogen is correlated with its carcinogenic potential. It may be concluded that the mutations including point and frameshift mutagenesis induced by aflatoxin and other carcinogens are switched on by their corresponding cross-linking base pair between complementary bases. Therefore, the di-region theory is a reasonable molecular mechanism for chemical, endogenous and physical carcinogenesis.